Plant pathogens and diseases

The first Ebola epidemic was in West Africa in 2014. The countries hit hardest by the virus as well as the rest of the world was at a loss as to how to control the disease and minimize the number of people infected. Since the epidemic, scientists have been able to create a number of treatment drugs to help minimize the morbidity rate and help control the next outbreak. There currently is not an established treatment drug or vaccine for Ebola, but there are a number of different options in the…

food recall in the nation. He targets parents since fast food companies market specifically to children. Moreover, Harding “felt like he was dying…” due to the severe effects of “mass production of food becoming a vector for the spread of a deadly disease”. Harding’s sly encounter with death is featured in order to have the…

warming has become a major issue for us today. Global warming is an increase in temperature caused by many different natural and manmade reasons. Because of global warming, not only are humans affected, but also animals who struggle to survive and the plants who allow us to survive. Global warming is becoming a bigger risk for all of us each day. Even though there are many causes and effects, there are many ways to prevent global warming as well. Global warming has various causes, effects, and…

GENE SILIENCING Gene silencing is something that most people do not know about. It is part of molecular biology which is things to with the natural body and life but to a minute size. Gene silencing was developed and still developing by the RNAi team at CSIRO in Australia which was led by a British-Australian virologist and geneticist named Peter Waterhouse. This team of a few also had significant contributions from Ming-Bo Wang who helped Peter Waterhouse develop this technique. This technique…

high-throughput sequencing have demonstrated the essential roles that our resident gut microflora play in human disease, health and metabolism12. The relationship between the gut microbiota and its host can be mutualistic, such that they protect the host from antagonizing enteropathogenic bacteria through a variety of methods: the gut microbiota activates host innate immunity, they compete with pathogens for space and nutrients when highly abundant and diverse, and they produce antimicrobials to…

freshwater is polluted, we endanger humanity’s own existence. Water pollution is an issue that poses an economic and social problem in society’s daily life. Furthermore, the contamination of pristine waterways can be linked to some emergence of new diseases. Yet, most people are oblivious to the problem. Millions of gallons of water are used daily for domestic uses, irrigating crops, and industrial processes, not to mention miscellaneous activities such as swimming pools and water-sports…

However, chemicals aren’t the only ways to control disease. Quarantine can be a simple way to stop the spread of disease. As Randy Ploetz, a professor of plant pathology, says in his article: “In pathogen-free regions, effective quarantine and exclusion are essential.” Once soil is infected by Panama disease there is no way to remove it (Ploetz). Quarantine can slow the spread but diseases like Panama and Black Sigatoka are easily tracked in on boots, farming equipment or machinery. The Farmer…

They have reviewed 52 research journals about disease management using biological control. They presented various biological control mechanisms such as parasitism, antibiosis, competition, plant resistance induction among others. Furthermore, they categorized biological microbial as bio-protectants, bio-fertilizers and bio-stimulant. They emphasized the use of beneficial microorganisms in controlling target plant pathogens to minimize the use of chemical pesticides, although it requires…

today. Anton Van Leeunwenhoek also invented the microscope which was used to look at everything on a microscopic level. “Germs were only viewed under the microscope; the connection with disease came several centuries later.” (Mitchell & Haroun) 2012. Today, we can study bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens which really revolutionized health care. Second, in the 18th century Edward Jenner discovered…

The reason behind this method is to eliminate bacteria that are formed in that water. Not only was this method effective in eliminating several cases of water-related diseases, but it was also the simplest and easiest method of disinfecting. Cleansing water by boiling it was the only efficient method to use, due to lack of modern-day technologies that could be used to enhance the quality of that water or to recognize the…