Philtrum

The surgeon proceeds by making anatomical markings on the lip and the nose. This is done with conventional surgical inks like methylene blue. Surgical incisions are made on one side or both sides of the ear. This is called myringotomy. Tissues around the ear drum are accessed and tubes are inserted. This is done to allow drainage of fluids. An endotracheal tube is inserted through one of the surgical incisions to ensure that the bleeding is properly directed. The most common technique for performing cleft lip surgery is called the Millard rotation technique. This is also called the R-A method. Here, an incision is made along the edge of the philtrum (portion between the nose and upper lip) close to the cleft. From here, the surgeon proceeds upwards to ensure that uniform layers of tissues are prepared for suturing the cleft. The second incision is usually made along the upper portion of the upper jaw. This incision is made to free underlying soft tissues that might be internally fused with the cleft lip. This ensures that tissues along the cleft lip can be freely lifted for suturing. The freed ends of the lips are systematically trimmed and surgically sewn. The stitches are so small that they fade into the surrounding skin within a few days, causing negligible…

In this report, cleft lip and palate (CLP) – an orofacial developmental disorder, is discussed with information about its stage of development, aetiology, prevalence, and clinical consideration. To treat a patient with cleft lip and palate, oral health therapist must have a thorough understanding of orofacial development. To identify cleft lip and palate with knowledge is vital as it is relevant to patients of all ages, which then may require treatments, prevention, and restorative procedure. …

The long-lasting impacts of fetal alcohol exposure encompass four broad categories of clinical features. The first clinical feature of FASD is craniofacial abnormalities. The craniofacial abnormalities include a short palpebral fissure length, defined as the distance between the inner and the outer corner of the eye; a thin vermillion border of the upper, which is the demarcation between the lip and surrounding skin; and a smooth philtrum (Figure 1) (5). The philtrum is a midline groove, located…

Anatomy Consist of lips, tongue, teeth and salivary glands. Snout and Lips Folds of fleshy tissue located around the pig’s mouth. Skin and mucous membrane cover the pigs upper and lower lips. They contain a layer of connective tissue and labial glands (salivary glands). Their immobile and have and flattened upper lip. Incisors - Chiselled shaped teeth are located in the front and mid-section of the mouth. Canines – sharp pointed teeth located both sides of the mouth (top and bottom).…

Williams Syndrome. Introduction: Williams Syndrome (WS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a hemizygous deletion on chromosome (7)(1), . It is caused by the submicroscopic deletion of 1.5 to 1.8 Mb on chromosome 7q11.23(2), including the general transcription factor ill gene which encodes TFII-I which suppresses cell-surface accumulation of transient receptor potential(3). WS is characterized by developmental delay in achieving normal childhood milestones, postnatal hypercalcaemia,…

moves in endless ways: widening, opening, closing, puckering, protruding, retreating. Consequently, McNeill (2000) describes the mouth as the contortionist of the face. The mouth entails two facial transients: the teeth and the tongue. Teeth provide the only hard tissue of the human body directly observable in living individuals (Scott & Turner, 2000). The teeth and tongue are essential for both speech and feeding (Hiiemae & Palmer, 2003). The extrinsic and intrinsic muscles interact and control…

Major features are the facial appearance, delayed growth and development, intellectual disability, and seizures. Almost everyone who has WHS has noticeable facial features and a flat nasal bridge with a high forehead. It is described as a “Greek Warrior Helmet” appearance when this combination of characteristics appears. The eyes are usually widely spaced out between the nose, upper lip (A short Philtrum), a down chin, and poorly formed ears with small holes (Pits) or flaps of skin (Tags).…

prematurity, or sudden infant death syndrome”. When a pregnant woman drinks an alcoholic beverage so does the embryo or fetus. The amount of blood alcohol concentration the mother has is the same for the baby fetus. Alcohol is considered a teratogen. A teratogen is considered an agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus. Teratogens are dangerous and can cause birth defects. In a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an estimate between 800 and…

a Late Formative indigenous culture, which flourished between 1300 BCE-300 BCE in Ecuador. Chorrera culture was one of the most widespread cultures in pre-Columbian Ecuador, spanning the Pacific lowlands to the Andean highlands, and even into southern Colombia. This sculpture is a ceramic. The color of the hair on this statue is outstanding because the hair was colored in brown and rest parts of the sculpture are just clay’s original color. Accordingly, the hair was be emphasized. Glancing…

Noonan syndrome is a condition that affects maNy areas of the body. It is characterized by mildly unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms. People with Noonan syndrome have distinctive facial features such as a deep groove in the area between the nose and mouth (philtrum), widely spaced eyes that are usually pale blue or blue-green in color, and low-set ears that are rotated backward. Affected individuals…