Oxalate

The reaction needs to be carried out in an acidic environment because permanganate ions in an acidic environment is a strong oxidizing agent, therefore, H2SO4 needs to be added. If permanganate solution changes colour from pink to colourless, then oxalic acid is present in the food. 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4¬  K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 3H2¬O + 5[O] H2C2O4 . 2H2¬O + [O]  2CO2 + 3H2O Overall reaction: 2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4 . 2H2O  K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 18H2O +10CO2 B2. Oxalic acid and oxalate salts are found in many different foods. Why is it important to moderately consume foods that are particularly high in oxalates? As a matter of fact, for some patients, doctors recommend low oxalate (or oxalate-controlled) diet. What kind of patients should go on this type of diet? It is important to moderately consume foods that are particularly high in oxalates because it can cause kidney failure by precipitating solid calcium oxalate, (main component in kidney stones). The patients who should have a low oxalate diet are people who have had kidney stones because they are at higher risk of forming kidney stones…

Lab 9: Preparation of an Iron Oxalate Complex. POST-LAB: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Write a brief summary of your experiment. The experiment was conducted by creating a K3Fe(C2O4)33H2O solution using DI water, 3.501 g of iron (II) ammonium sulfate, H2C2O, K2C2O4, and H2O2. 5 ml of ethanol was dispensed within the solution to aid in the crystallization of the oxalate. The results of the experiment did not provided crystals of the oxalate rather crystals of impurities formed within the solution…

lanata with other herbs at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg decreased the levels of calcium and phosphate in the urine, serum uric acid, creatinine, urea and BUN in ethylene glycol (0.75%) induced urolithic rats. It also enhanced the urine pH, volume and magnesium content. The anti-urolithic activity was further evidenced by the histological evaluation, that is, decrease in the deposition of crystals in the kidney sections, tubular dilatation and necrosis. Soundararajan et al. (2006) study on the…

Kidney stones are solid stone-like masses that form within the kidney and or the ureter. These solid masses are made up of salts and minerals commonly found in urine and are due to a constant build up of substances in the kidney. Depending on the size of the stone, ranging from as small as a grain of salt to as large as a golf ball, the stone may pass out of the body during urination or may get stuck in the bladder or the urethra. When kidney stones get stuck due to their large size, they may…

Kidney stones, also known as renal lithiasis, are a common urinary tract disorder that often results from concentrated crystallized minerals in the urine. These minerals can include anything from calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, to uric acid. Since the kidney stone has to travel through the urethra, it can be extremely painful depending on the size and shape. There are however many preventative actions to combat the formation of kidney stones. Most people have their own home remedies that…

needed to change the color, which can be done by focusing on having a light change rather than a deep color change. These steps were repeated again with each kidney stone, the calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, and the struvite…

that interact among other components in the urinary system. Factors that influence the formation of calculi include the presence of a nucleus for crystal formation, supersaturated urine, and deficiencies of inhibitors of calculi formation. There are four types of renal calculi, which include cystine stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones, uric acid stones, and the most common calcium stones in combination with oxalate and/or phosphate (Grossman & Mattson…

deciding the appropriate treatment for a patient with kidney stones,”(pg.355). Treatment for small stones may include: drinking a lot of water, taking pain medications to relieve the pain, and medical therapy which is a medicine that will help pass along the stone. Most of the time small stones do not require any invasive surgery. There are a few different treatments for larger stones. Shock wave lithrotripsy is a noninvasive way that generates a shcok wave at the stone within the kidney or…

The filter paper traps the solid while a vacuum draws the liquid through the funnel into the flask. These methods aid in the synthesis of the artificial kidney stones in order to determine the kidney stones solubility. Methods: The three most common kidney stones, such as Calcium Oxalate (CaCl2 and Na2C2O4), Calcium Phosphate (Ca(NO3)2 and 2Na3PO4), and Calcium Carbonate (CaCl2 and 2NaCO3), were the kidney stones that were synthesized. To begin the experiment, the mass in grams of each…

provides stabilization of cell membranes (Smolin et al., 2015). Therefore, I believe figure 2 is more beneficial because of the extra vitamins and minerals within each capsule to enhance the function of calcium. The form of calcium that is present in figure 2 is carbonate. Calcium carbonate is best taken with food to get the optimal absorption (Zeratsky, 2015). The acid that is produced within the stomach during the digestion of food aids in the absorption process (Zeratsky, 2015). These…