Organizational citizenship behavior

Operant Conditioning Theory (Operant Conditioning) – Callum Arnold The Operant conditioning theory is an example of a connectionist theory of learning, relying upon the connection between a stimulus and a response. These may also be known as a S-R theories. This theory states that we become conditioned to give a particular response to a particular stimulus; that we have learned to act in a certain way given a certain stimulus. The likelihood of the response is dependent upon the strength of the…

Aggression, has been the representation of something diabolical, and destructive for humans and animals as we know it. But what is the cause of aggression; is it instinct, the means of self defense, and sexual reproduction (Konrad Lorenz), or is it a trait learned through reinforcement and punishment (E.O Wilson)? Humans have learned to repress their behaviour to comply to the society, does this make them different compared to animals? Pushed to the limits, is when aggression becomes exposed.…

If we understand that the child is active, rather than passive participants within their environment, then we can develop strategies which focus on the current level of development, rather than focus only on the behaviors. For example, if we have a child who is having difficulties with paying attention in class and having the inability to empathize with others, we might assume that the child may be in the egocentric stage of development and hasn’t yet move onto the…

Personality Formation: This should be about two paragraphs discussing the key concepts of the theory and how they relate to personality development. Do not just list! According to the behaviorist approach, theorists see personality as part of a learned behaviors attained by either classical or operant conditioning, (Kagan, 2001). Classical conditioning is the process by which a stimulus that in the beginning is neutral ultimately elicits a strong response. This occurs because the neutral…

settings participate in the molding future criminal behavior.Lack of parental rejection, parent-child connection and parental supervision are reliable signs of felonious behavior. Child care that contains conflicting, incompatible, compliant disciplinary or extremely liberal techniques of punishment also add to the risk of criminal behavior. Research has proven that undesired and young pregnancies generate extremely threating factors that contribute to delinquency. Unproductive parenting…

constructivism and behaviorism. Cognitivism attempts to explain human behavior by understanding your thought processes. Constructivism says that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences. Behaviorism is a theory that assumes a learner is passive, only responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative…

students face. Although, Mr. Danza struggled in the beginning with classroom management, he was able to adapt behaviorist strategies in order to get the desired behaviors he wanted from his students. Behaviorist theorists believe learning is most likely to take place by establishing reinforcements for desired behavior in the classroom. Mr. Danza was able to adapt these notions and give his…

Today about 50% of marriages end in divorce. As these numbers continue to rise, more and more families are being torn apart. Many children under the age of 18 are living with a single parent. It is estimated that 300,000 children will be added to this list each year (Woltmann, 1954). Children can be affected by divorce in many different ways including parent-child relationships, being stressed out, having behavioral issues, and being an adult while parents get divorced. Divorce can affect…

In regard to Gray’s environment influencing his conduct and his determination –reaching his mother played an important part, her non-ability of being responsible for Hillary and Gray left him hopeless. Referable to the fact that they were inadequate and his mother did not appear to be doing anything about the financial standing or encourage Gray to remain in school and try to perform the best that he can. Furthermore, the fact that his mother brought home random “new boyfriends” in a drunken way…

Everyone behaves differently, but eventually their behaviour can have a positive or negative effect on their life. Normally, people with good behaviour tend to live a happier life than those with bad behaviour. In the play, The Merchant of Venice, the behaviour of characters somewhat depicts their lifestyle. For example, the lower class is outgoing while the higher class are more strict. Some characters such as Bassanio, play an important role throughout the play and each plot due to their…