Nephron

f. Describe the histology and gross structure of the kidney g. Describe the detailed structure of a nephron and its associated blood vessels h. Describe and explain the production of urine, with reference to the processes of ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption Ultrafiltration 1. Blood flows into the glomerulus from the afferent arteriole which…

through the aquaporin channels. In addition, there is a half-life for all hormones that regulate the renal system and as such will not immediately cease their functions. This includes Aldosterone which facilitates the reabsorption of sodium in the nephrons, since the majority of these fluids contain a large amount of sodium there will need to be a slight increase in the level of Aldosterone as the test progresses since the body must also maintain a proper osmolarity. The final hormone ANP, will…

Everyone’s kidneys filter their blood, and excrete toxins out of their bodies. Some people have a condition that causes their kidneys to not function properly. The symptoms for this condition are often overlooked or ignored because not many people recognize the symptoms. Many people do not realize how vital their kidneys are in everyday life. Chronic Kidney Disease is a serious condition that can be life threatening. CKD can result in kidney failure. It is a progressive condition that can be…

From the microscopic filtration mechanisms of a single nephron unit, to the multi-organ impact the kidney has on the whole body, I find that the renal system is an indispensable part of the human body that affects every aspect of our lives and it is why a good quality of life is hugely dependent on a good working…

in air, oxygen is diffused from the lungs into the bloodstream, while when you breathe out carbon dioxide diffuses into the alveoli and is then removed from the body. The kidney diffuses water out of the urine through the filtration system called nephrons (Reasoner 2011). The digestive system is another region where diffusion occurs. After we consume food, the nutrients that are absorbed by the cells are transferred and carried through the vessels on the other side of the membrane. This is where…

YSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE) SLE stand for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. The Latin word for lupus means “wolf” while Erythematosus means “red rashes”. Red rashes on a patient’s face that looked like wolf bites was discovered by Dr. Cazenave in 1851 and he named it Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) which only involved the skin. In 1885, Sir William Osler recognized that many people with lupus had a disease involving not only skin but many other organs or systems, so he named the disease…

1. Differentiate between skin of fish and amphibia Fish (Scoliodon) Amphibia (Frog) *Skin is rough and tough which remains *Skin is smooth and loose which remain attached with the underlying muscles. separates from the underlying muscles by lymph . sac.…

The treatment of pediatric renal tumors has been improved with minimally invasive and nephron sparing approaches. Development of potential tumor markers and advancements in the delivery of chemotherapy have also increased the survival rate. As cross sectional imaging as developed, risks have been minimized by foregoing unnecessary treatments…

It is believed that almost 24000 genes play a primitive role in constituting blueprint of human and from these genes, more than 250 may be of greater help in determining our weight. A new born of 2500–4200 g of birth weight is considered a baby with normal birth weight. Babies weighing less than 2500 g of birth weight irrespective of their gestation period are considered as Low Birth Weight (LBW) babies. Incidence of babies with low weight at birth is almost 15.5 per cent of all the births or…

Long term calcineurin inhibitor use can result in cellular changes such as arteriolar hyalinosis, ischemic glomerulosclerosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Chronic allograft nephropathy is the result of incremental and cumulative damage to the nephrons and it is the leading cause of kidney transplant failure. Another cause of nephropathy is contrast-induced nephropathy. It is defined as the impairment of renal function and it is measured as either 25.1mg/dl in serum creatinine from the baseline…