Nephron

the blood and maintains the acid-base balance of the body. This system regulates the chemical composition, volume, and electrolyte balance of the blood. The urinary system works in with the respiratory, integumentary, and digestive organs to eliminate waste. Reflexology supports and enhances the urinary system by removing toxins that help reestablish balance. In this paper, I will go over three important facts about the urinary system. . The urinary system is home of: two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the sphincter muscle, the nerves in the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys remove urea from the blood through, nephrons. Each nephron entails of glomerulus, and a renal tubule. The glomerulus is what filters the blood, the watery solution. Urea, together with water and other waste matters makes the urine then it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubes of the kidneys. The ureters are narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter walls tighten and relax,…

Renovascular Hypertension In order to understand Renovascular Hypertension, we need basic anatomy and physiology knowledge. As we already know, kidneys are in charge of secreating metabolic waste products from our bodies. This process starts when the abdominal Aorta branch out into left and right renal arteries, which then enter the hilum. The hilum is the entrance and exit of arteries, veins and nerves, the human body is known to have three. The arteries then subdivide smaller and smaller…

How is this possible? The answers are the counter current exchanger and multiplier. As the descending portion of the nephron loop is gaining solutes from the flow of glomerular filtrate entering it, the interstitial fluid it is encountering is hypertonic. At this point, the nephron loop’s membrane is permeable and since the interstitial fluid is hypertonic, some of the filtrate leaves the nephron loop and some of the solutes in the interstitial fluid cross the permeable membrane so that both…

This is facilitated diffusion. All this results in the surrounding blood having a relatively high solute concentration. So a large amount of water passes out of the filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule, back into the blood by osmosis. Reabsorption of water in the loop of Henle and collecting duct: The loop of Henle is a hairpin loop that runs deep into the medulla and then turns and goes back to the cortex again. The function of the loop of Henle is to…

Results Understanding the structure of the kidney The kidney consists of two main regions the medulla region and the cortex (see Figure 12, 13, 14 and 15). These two regions contain about one million tiny filtering structures called nephrons. Each nephron consists of a very small filter (glomerulus) which is attached to a tubule. As blood is passed through the nephrons, fluids and waste products are filtered out. What can be seen in Figures 12, 13 and 14 is the glomeruli and the ducts.…

collecting ducts. The collecting ducts will transport urine back through the concentration gradient and back through the nephron loop. The walls of the collecting duct are permeable to water, not sodium. Through osmosis more water is drawn out. ADH determines the the permeability of the collecting ducts resulting in less urine secretion and more concentration. Less ADH results in less concentration of urine and more volume. Micturition, meaning urination. Once urine is produces as stated above…

The decrease in the urine excretion rate which is the decrease of the volume of urine excreted per minute is caused by the slight dehydration of the subjects; when the body is dehydrated the body tries to preserve the water by releasing ADH from the posterior pituitary which promotes the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts of the nephron, therefore low volume, highly concentrated urine is produced. The test subjects’ urine excretion rate increased gradually for the first hour following…

that the specific gravity and salt concentration went up slightly, but was not supported in that the the urine production rate did not greatly increase over time. The findings for the hypertonic group supported the hypothesis in that the salt concentration and specific gravity went up, but the urine output rate did not decrease significantly as was hypothesized. Figures 1, 2, and 3 convey the data that were was used to assess the tested hypothesis. The formation of these hypotheses were based…

arteriole the now filtered blood enters into the vasa recta. The renal vein is responsible for blood exiting the kidneys (Shodor, 2016). Briefly identify the structure and trace the development of urine production in the human kidney. The urine passes through the following structures: Glomerular capsule (shaped like a cup located at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney performing the first step to filtration of blood forming urine as a glomerulus can…

when excreting substance in urine, it is a good way to determine if the kidneys are functioning properly. Creatinine is a metabolic byproduct of skeletal muscle that is freely filtered, not re-absorbed and with little secretion. Although creatinine clearance is not completely accurate when measuring GFR, it provides better and closer approximation than insulin clearance. GFR is the volume of filtrate formed per unit time. By comparing the clearance of creatinine to GFR, it was able to determine…