Mountaintop removal mining

Since the beginning of the coal mining industries in the 1800s, thousands of mines have been created, extracting the precious mineral, and then dumped, empty and hollow. Once industries finished with a certain area, it would be dropped and they would move on, drilling in another location. The act of reclaiming these mines did not come to light until 1977 when the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act was passed by Congress after they saw the disruption in the environment. This act put a strain on the profits of many coal mining industries, such as Peabody Energy and Alpha Natural Resources. Now, Peabody Energy and Alpha Natural Resources wrongly reclaim their retired mines as a way to protect their profits, doing the bare minimum of reclamation.…

explain these controversial environmental issues negatively affecting the world around us. Fracking and mountaintop removal has become a potentially fatal topic in multiple states. Hydraulic fracturing or Fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside. Water, sand and 596 chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well. Mountaintop…

The Upper Big Brach Mine Disaster Massey Energy Corporation is the owner of the Upper Big Branch Mine. On Monday, April 5th, 2012 a huge disaster occurred in one of their mines causing 29 of the employees for Massey Energy to die. Massey played a big role in West Virginia and had a good reputation until people started thinking that a lot of the disasters that were occur was do to the mining. Next Donald Blankenship is accused of conspiracy in the mines and is found out that he was not following…

Zenith is one of the largest mining and crushing equipment manufacturers in the world. It is recommended that processing infrastructure be sourced from Zenith if it economically viable. A crusher will be essential in processing the material. There are many different types of crushers available, such as; cone crusher, jaw crusher, grinding mill, ball mill and mobile crusher. It is recommended that the most economically viable crusher be assessed to determine the most appropriate processing…

BHP Billiton is a mining, metals and petroleum company based out of Melbourne, Australia. BHP Billiton is considered amongst the largest mining companies in the world. It is in BHP Billiton’s values to put health and safety first, being environmentally responsible and supporting the communities in which it operates. BHP Billiton is a registered Organizational Stakeholder of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). BHP Billiton practices its sustainability initiatives around the four major areas:…

lit shaft, the silence is almost deafening, yet the silence speaks of hard labor, sweat, dirt, and fear. This is a sampling of what visitors might experience at the Arizona Historical Society’s (AHS) Arizona History Museum’s Arizona Mining Hall exhibit in Tucson, Arizona, adjacent to the University of Arizona campus. According to the AHS website, the society was “established by an Act of the First Territorial Legislature on November 7, 1864” (arizonahistoriclsociety.org). It goes on to state…

In the article “Explorations in Economic History”, by Karen Clay and Gavin Wright, the two authors emphasize mainly on the nature of mining districts and property rights during the California gold rush which took place in the middle of the 18th century. The California gold rush is the most well-known and largest mass migration in the history of America. However, the article provides support by containing two of the authors views that coincide, which are from the popular perception and academic…

Isa orebody. When the oxidation was completed, the depth of the oxidized zone was around 50m from the ground surface (Forrestal, 1990). Cerussite was found as the dominant mineral while zinc was mostly exhausted. The orebodies’ bedded nature remained the same within the oxidized zone but the rocks are filtrated outside the oxidized zone. In addition, this oxidized ore were generally used for ancient production of mining a long time ago. But nowadays, this oxidized ore would only be used for…

Mexico is infamous for its vast mining system. With almost 10 billion ounces of silver mined, Mexico is one of the largest exporters of silver. ( Brown 1). Some of the earliest activity dating back as far as the sixteenth century.To date there over 200 mining companies who have projects in mexico. Historically conditions in these mines were have been below the safety standards. In Most cases miners would enter a tunnel not knowing whether they would make it back out. Francisco Mora’s “Mine…

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Notes Francisco Vásquez de Coronado was born in Salamanca, Spain 1510. He traveled with Antonio de Mendoza to the new world. He married Beatriz de Estrada called "the Saint”. Her sister of Leonor de Estrada was an ancestor of the de Alvarado family and daughter of Treasurer and Governor Alonso de Estrada y Hidalgo, Lord of Picón, and wife Marina Flores Gutiérrez de la Caballería, from a converso Jewish family. Coronado inherited a large portion of a Mexican estate…