Methanol

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel for diesel engines that is made from renewable biological sources like vegetable oils, animal fats, and microalgae. Since its main feedstock is a vegetable oil or animal fat, biodiesel is generally considered to be renewable. There are four primary ways known to make biodiesel – (1) direct use and blending, (2) microemulsions, (3) thermal cracking and (4) transesterification. Although the main use is the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal…

In this experiment we used the alcohols methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol, and tested the beet membranes at 0% alcohol concentration, 10% alcohol concentration, 20% alcohol concentration, 30% alcohol concentration, and 40% alcohol concentration. We used 0.5cm3 beet pieces throughout the entire experiment to keep the surface area constant in each alcohol. We then submerged one cube of the beet in each concentration of each alcohol for 15 minutes. We then found the concentration of Betacyanin in…

with a pencil, this was done carefully as to not scratch or break the plate’s gel layer. After marking the plates, three different concentrations of methanol and dichloromethane were prepared in the three beakers: a solution with 1 mL methanol and 1 mL dichloromethane, a solution with 1 mL methanol and 2 mL dichloromethane, and a solution with 1 mL methanol and 3 mL dichloromethane. These beakers were set aside while the next samples were collected. Using a capillary tube, a drop of fluorescein…

purification, water was already in the product. Even after crystallization into pure 3-nitrochalcone, the product also did not completely dry. The yield should have been much lower than 39%. Without allowing the product to dry, not only water, but methanol, would be in the product. Both the crude and pure 3-nitrochalcone were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to test for…

Moisture determination is important in foods for various reasons including; economic, food quality, microbial stability, labeling requirements etc. this may be done by several methods depending on several factors such as water type, decomposition of other food component among others. One such method of moisture determination is the Karl-Fischer Titration Method (KF). Titration is a technique used to determine the concentration of a known volume of solution. A titrant; that is a solution of known…

Chapter 3 Process description and modeling 3.1 Process Description of Propylene Glycol Production Process The physical properties of propylene glycol are colourless and clear syrupy liquid when exists at room temperature. Besides than in liquid form, it also may exists in vapor form in air. In order to produce a colourless and odourless chemical, propylene glycol (C3H8O2, PG) involve in the reaction of propylene oxide and water. This involve the process of the hydrolysis of propylene oxide…

analysis was developed based on the constituents of our analyte. 3.4.2.1. Stationary Phase/Column Reverse Phase C-18 column was used. This C-18 column is the most common of all and is efficient for separation of polar species. 3.4.2.2. Mobile Phase Methanol, Acetonitrile, Water or any of their combination is generally reported to be compatible with Reverse Phase C-18 column, however other mobile phases can also be used [39]. Combination of Acetonitrile (ACN) and water is used in ration of…

the liquids of three physical properties which consists of determining the density, solubility and boiling point of the liquids A, B, C and D. Ethyl acetate, methanol cyclohexane and acetone were the unlabeled liquids. In the data analysis the predictions came out to be liquid A for acetone, liquid B is for ethyl acetate, liquid C is methanol and liquid D is cyclohexane. Introduction and Experimental Details: In order to determine the density of the liquid, the formula density = mass/volume…

Table: 9 FT- IR analysis of methanol extract of M. concanensis leaves S. No Peak values Intensity range Intensity Group assignment Functional groups 1 3972.43 0.0086 Unknown 2 3859.33 0.0412 Unknown 3 3805.79 0.0733 Unknown 4 3396.46 0.9280 Medium N-H stretch Amides, alcohols and amines 5 2987.43 0.2450 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes and acids 6 2946.27 0.2810 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes and acids 7 2912.38 0.2040 Medium C-H stretch Alkanes 8 2834.49 0.3170 Weak C-H stretch Aldehydes and…

observed that as amount of methanol was increased, the acid value of PRA product decreased i.e. MW is increased. After 20 ml of methanol per g of PRA product, no significant change in acid value (25 mg/g of KOH) was seen and GPC analysis shown that the final PRA product (insoluble fraction) was homogenous with high MW (4026 ± 440 Da). All other molecules with MW < 4026 were solubilised and enter into an upper layer as methanol amount was increased. Thus an optimized ratio of methanol (20 ml/g…