likely infiltrates adjacent bone and soft tissue and tends to spread to regional lymph nodes in the head and neck region. It is essential to carry out a thorough examination which includes, inspection, palpation of oral cavity and neck; distant metastasis is quite unlikely. Imaging modalities such as CT and MRI are commonly used to investigate the extent of spread of oral cancer to adjacent tissues including bone and soft tissue. The treatment should be carried out in hospitals which are…
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide by 2015 and developing countries has higher incidence. The frequency varies throughout the world, being more common in Japan and Chile, and relatively less common in the USA. Even though the incidence of gastric cancer is decreasing, it is still considered as a major health problem and a common cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The carcinogen of gastric cancer results from accumulation of genetic alteration of multiple genes. This…
cancer. Lung cancer, also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. (Wikipedia, 26 September 2015) Common names for Oral cancer include such things as mouth cancer, tongue cancer, tonsil cancer, and throat cancer. (The Oral Cancer Foundation, May 2015). Every oral…
Can Cannabidiol (CBD) Fight Metastatic Cancer? The legalization of medical marijuana across multiple U.S States is an indication of why there is so much noise around cannabis. Evidence from scientific studies, clinical trials, and anecdotal stories has demonstrated the vast potential benefits of cannabis, and particularly, the cannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in treating a wide range of ailments. Some of these conditions include diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, anxiety…
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Canadian women, with the majority of these deaths resulting from metastasis of cancer to other tissues. In 2015, an estimated 25,000 Canadian women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and 5,000 will suffer from cancer-related deaths. When breast cancer is isolated to the breast tissue, cure rates surpass 90%; nonetheless, as cancer cells settle into the adjacent or distant tissues, long-term survival is markedly declined. The…
Breast Cancer Case Study 1. Susan will have a variety of tests done to determine what stage of cancer she has. What types of testing would you anticipate she would have to determine her definitive diagnosis and how will the tumor be classified? a. Diagnostic Tests: Susan will go through many tests to determine the stage of her cancer. Some of the tests she will undergo include axillary lymph node status, tumor size, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, cell-proliferative indices, and…
grow and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor means the tumor can grow but will not spread. Breast cancer spreads when breast cancer cells move to other parts of the body through the blood vessels and/or lymph vessels. This is called metastasis. Breast cancer is the most common cause of the death in women, according to a survey conducted by WHO the most of the younger women's are affected by the breast cancer. If eight women live to the age of 85, at least one of them will develop…
aggressive proliferation with great invasive potential as well as refractory to present treatments due to suppression of pro-apoptotic pathways (Karmakar et al., 2007). Such factors up-regulated in cancer involve cell proliferation, cell invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to chemo and radiotherapy (Kunnumakkara et al., 2008). Treatments for glioblastoma include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, yet survival rates with these treatments remain small. To improve the…
morbidities of imaging related ionizing radiation exposure and long term morbidities of chemotherapy, have emphasized the importance of surgery [32,33]. Advantages of RPLND include 1) definitive pathologic staging. 30% of stage I patients have occult metastasis in the retroperitoneum and 35% of patients with stage…
In the United States, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Cancer is a disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body, which results in the growth of a tumor. There are over one hundred types of cancer, one of them being ovarian cancer. Although ovarian cancer isn’t one of the most common cancers, it is one of the deadliest among women. This report on ovarian cancer will include; a description of the disease, signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer, how a…