Hydroxide

In experiment 2, we observed that the reaction of halogenoalkanes with aqueous alkali and water which contains dissolved silver nitrate. Halogenoalkanes are alkanes which have one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by halogen atoms such as fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br) and iodine (I) which are the elements in group 7 in periodic table. Halogenoalkanes have the general formula, RX, whereby R is an alkyl or substituted alkyl group and X is any of the halogen atom. Besides, halogenoalkanes…

Introduction A common problem in chemistry is percent error. This occurs when the data received from doing an experiment is not close enough to the actual data of the same experiment. This is the reason that throughout this lab a series of acid-base procedures are done to determine what concentration of vinegar is collected and compare that to the actual percent concentration that the manufacturer listed on the bottle. The concentration is verified by the titration because in order to determine…

purpose of this experiment is to determine the type of chemicals that are inside the mislabeled bottles. Materials: • pH strips • 8 bottles of known chemicals: o silver nitrate o iron (III) nitrate o copper (II) nitrate o sodium iodine o sodium hydroxide o nitric acid o lead (II) nitrate o sodium carbonate • 8 bottles of unlabeled chemicals the same contents as known chemicals • 1 well tray Procedure 1. Place 7-10 drops of each chemical (known and unknown) into separate wells in the well…

not been quantified at the time of reporting, however, speculations indicated that the spillage could have been serious, thus detrimental to the environment and a threat to environmental well-being. CSX went ahead to confirm the leakage of sodium hydroxide from a derailed tanker car…

equivalence point as the strong base and strong acid are both completely dissociated so the salt does not form any hydronium or hydroxide ion in water. Yet, the weak acid HCCOH formed the salt, HCOONa, when reacting with NaOH results in a basic pH level at 8.7 for its equivalence point. This is because when HCOONa reacts with water, it forms formic acid and the hydroxide ion. Hence, the solution would be more basic than HCl, which is why by having the same shape for the titration curve, the…

hydrochloric acid in the stomach reaches the esophagus. One will hope to stay away from a more complex problem: GERD or gastro esophageal reflux disease (1). Bases can be extremely important to one’s health and wellness. Common bases include sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, and ammonia. They usually have a bitter taste and a slick feel. They can be used for a variety of things: NaHCO3 is an ingredient in baking soda. Not only are they used for food and health benefits, but…

titrating an unknown concentration of acid or base with a known concentration of acid or base, you can calculate properties such as the concentration and pKa of the analyte. During the standardization part of this reaction, we are adding Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH to a solution…

USING ACID-BASE TITRATIONS Introduction Acid-base titrations can be used to determine pKa of a weak acid and pKb of a base. A weak acid and a weak base incompletely dissociate in water. For this reason, the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) depend on equilibrium coefficients of acid (Ka) and base (Kb). Equation 1 shows the chemical dissociation equation of a weak acid. Furthermore, Equation 2 describes the equilibrium constant of a weak acid. On the other hand,…

African American women go through trial and error just to make sure their hair meet society standards. In the late 1940s, St. Paul, Minneota chemist and Jose Braquiel Calva invented the "chemical straightener", known as a hair relaxer today, has became very popular in the black communities over the years (Thompson 1). . Hair relaxers are designed to “glorify” and straighten the hair in a fast and easy process. Since the creation of hair relaxers, straight hair has been one of the many…

Soap and Detergent Soap and Detergent are the cornerstones of human cleanliness. Soap is, “a substance used with water for washing and cleaning, made of a compound of natural oils or fats with sodium hydroxide or another strong alkali, and typically having perfume and coloring added”( Soap 2018 ). Detergent is, “ a water-soluble cleansing agent that combines with impurities and dirt to make them more soluble and differs from soap in not forming a scum with the salts in hard water” ( Detergent…