Freedom of expression

The cancer cells under stress use EMT phenomenon as cell survival mechanism to escape apoptosis, anoikis and general immune response. Autophagy triggered in response to stress conditions like starvation, is also used by cancerous cells for survival by recycling of cellular components. There is a cross talk between pathways involved in EMT and autophagy. The involvement of TGF-β signalling pathway had been observed induction of EMT and autophagy in many cell types. Autophagy is a context…

messenger rna the structure of messenger rna : Messenger RNA functions as the template for protein synthesis it carries genetic information from DNA to a ribosome and helps to assemble amino acids in their correct order. Each amino acid in a protein is specified by a set of three nucleotides in the mRNA, called a codon. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNAs contain three primaryregions .The 5 untranslated region is a sequence of nucleotides that is at the 5 end of the mRNA and does not code for…

Work Effectively With Diversity 1. I. Disability discrimination II. Human Rights and equal opportunity III. Diversity IV. Code of Conduct 2. List 5 differences between colleagues that you have identified in your workplace situation a) Age b) Gender c) Nationality d) religious beliefs e) educational background 3. I demonstrate sensitivity to the above 5 differences through avoiding phrases or words that may be mis-interpreted as inappropriate or offensive to certain individuals. Keeping…

Protien Synthesis DNA is our genetic material. Since DNA is stuck in the nucleus it has to get out somehow, but it can't, so what does it do then? The answer to that, is that DNA makes a copy of one of its helixs to get out of the nucleus. The process of DNA making a copy of itself is called transcription. The copy of the DNA is called mRNA and that is the messenger type of RNA. The DNA makes a copy of itself called mRNA, then gets out of the nucleus and leaves to attach itself onto a ribosome.…

Figure 7 shows induced NFkB activation in HeLa cells by the stimulant TNF alpha present in a bar chart. TNF alpha uses receptor to make sure the NFkB activation works well in the cell. Several reporter systems have been used to study the expression and activation of NFkB. In reference to the bar chart to figure 7, Clone AH and Clone GR tends to have the highest value of TNF alpha by the completion of stimulation while Clone KS and Clone BM show the lower values of TNF alpha considering their…

the same way (21). Some studies showed an advantage in using anthracycline based chemotherapy in NEBC (22), whereas others didn’t show this benefit (2) (14). Some reports recommended the use of anthracycline based chemotherapy according to Ki-67 expression, usually if ki-67 is around 10%. For poorly differentiated carcinomas, especially the small cell subtype where ki-67 is more than 15% , cisplatin / etoposide is recommended as used in small cell pulmonary tumors (23) (24). Our case had a very…

The Grim side of GMOs The ongoing debate around the world is, are genetically modified organisms, also known as GMOs, good for you and the environment? Research however shows GMO’s are bad for you, the environment and have had not enough testing. Imagine coming home, the whole day you've been waiting for that special treat in the fridge, nothing bad could happen from eating this treat on the outside, but inside your kidneys are slowly being destroyed and immune system weakened. These GMOs are…

G-protein coupled receptors are found in eukaryotes, and are encoded by around 1-3% of the genes in the genome. In this essay I will discuss the general structure and model of activation of GPCRs, as well as how this model has been realised, through the study of bacteriorhodopsin, a homology model of GPCRs. There are many examples of GPCRs illustrating how GPCRs can have a wide range of cellular consequences and I will discuss how the activation of rhodopsin, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors,…

Optical scanners record images of the varying characteristics of individual's fingerprints. Electronic fingerprint scans are extremely accurate 95 to 98 percent of the time. However accuracy can vary between genders, race, and chemical residue on the fingers. Fingerprints are difficult to beat, however it has been done. A Japanese researcher discovered ways to create fake fingerprints out of gelatin and therefore hacked the system. 2.Voice: Voice identification works by taking the rhythm,…

the early stages of development, then this could be the first step in a malformation. Kelley, however, continues to explain that the gene HOXB7, which is a protein-coding gene, may be a greater tribute to the growth of the cancer itself. The over-expression of HOXB7 in OSE, or ovarian surface epithelial cells, is proven to upset the fibroblast growth. Kelly then goes on to explain an experiment performed to test the invasive properties of HOXB7. This particular study was conducted in 2006 by…