Facial expressions

Question 1: a) A: Promoter B: Splice site C: 5’ UTR D: Start codon E: Stop codon F: 3’ UTR b) The sum of the exons and introns (all in kilobases) (1.2+8+0.7+27+0.4+11+3.1) = 51.4 kb. c) The sum of the exons (all in kilobases) (1.2+0.7+0.4+3.1) = 5.4 kb. d) RNA Protein Truncation mutation in exon 2 Same length, same amount of RNA produced. Shorter in length (due to earlier stop codon), same amount of protein produced, usually changes the protein to non-functional, though not always. 3bp in…

DNA makes proteins. DNA is stored in the nucleus and contains phosphates (a phosphate includes nitrogen bases). DNA is made up of these phosphates, but, in making polypeptides, or a protein, the nitrogen bases are the most important in his process. To make a polypeptide, the helicase unzips the double helix figure, making two rows, or strands, which are one side of all of the nitrogen bases. Floating nitrogen bases string the opposite of these sides, to make an original copy, but leave, ending…

transcribed. The deletion of the paternal allele, which occurs in 70% of cases (this occurs when a segment of the paternal chromosome 15 is deleted in each cell), or maternal uniparental disomy (UPD), which occurs in 25% of cases, leads to loss of expression of SNRPN gene, and thus, to Prader-Willi syndrome. UPD causes the affected individual to have two copies of chromosome 15 inherited from their mother instead of one copy from each parent. Prader-Willi syndrome can also be caused by a…

The protein that was found in the first DNA sequence is Apolipoprotein E. The name Apolipoprotein is referred to APOE (APOE). Apolipoprotein E is inside the body and combines with fats to form lipoproteins (APOE). Lipoproteins travel through the blood stream caring cholesterol and other fats (APOE). The fats, cholesterol, and other minerals in the body need to be regulated to prevent a disease occurring from Apolipoprotein E. The protein Apolipoprotein E can cause Alzheimer’s disease.…

GMOs are the fastest growing subject in the history of the agricultural industry. Currently, the United States is the lead producer of GMOs, which are projected to increase in amount and variety in the future. (Broeders, De Keersmaecker, Roosens, 2012). There are many differing opinions regarding the positive and negative effects of GMOs. Anti-GMO campaigns suggest that because GMO plants are unnatural and have not evolved with the rest of mankind, we cannot digest them in a normal manner. In…

According to T.F. Gendron et al., partial amounts of the toxicity are due to a gain in function by the protein. When this occurs, the TDP-43 protein has usually shifted its location from the nucleus to throughout the cytoplasm of the cell. This abnormal accumulation of TDP-43 in the cytoplasm is not only found in neurons and glial cells of the primary motor cortex but as well as in brainstem motor nuclei, the spinal cord, and in certain associated white matter tracts (Mackenzie et al 2010). It…

proteins like NSF, SNAPs (soluble NSF attachment proteins), and SNAREs including SNAP25, VAMP and syntaxin. With these identified proteins, Rothman laboratory developed the SNARE hypothesis describing a model of SNAREs involvement in vesicle targeting and fusion. Their model explains that a transport vesicle (v-SNARE) and a target membrane (t-SNARE) with the aid of NSF, SNAPs and other yet unknown proteins bring the v-SNARE in close proximity to the t-SNARE facilitating membrane fusion (Sollner…

No Banning Of Books Have you ever gotten a slip asking for your parents permission to read certain books? There are people in the world who want to ban books that are too serious of a topic for students. Students won’t be able to learn about those serious topics until they are exposed to it physically. Students being restricted from reading books with serious topics won’t know what happens in the world. Censoring books take away the student’s right of freedom. Having freedom means to be able…

interactions between genes and their products with bring the phenotype into being” (Dupont 2009). Since then, as understanding of the human genome has developed and grown, a complex array of errors and dysfunctions in the processes of gene regulation, expression, and replication have been shown to cause, or correlate strongly with, multiple diseases and conditions. This includes conditions that are seen typically in older humans, such as Alzheimer’s, dementia, Parkinson’s, and various forms of…

Sotos syndrome is a disease that causes a child to grow unusually rapidly, especially in the cephalic region, resulting in abnormal growth of the brain and a corresponding array of developmental disabilities (Türkmen et al., 2015; Faravelli, 2005; McKusick, 2015). This disorder is an autosomal dominant disorder (McKusick, 2015) and has been found to be a result of mutations in the NSD1 gene (Türkmen et al., 2015; Faravelli, 2005; McKusick, 2015), on the chromosome 5q35 (Faravelli, 2005; McKusick…