External carotid artery

DOI: 10/19/1986. The patient is a 77-year old male driver/transporter who sustained injury to his low back while he was carrying 70-75 pounds money upstairs. Office notes dated 04/22/2016 revealed that the patient complained of chronic back pain with spinal stenosis. He has been managing with oral medications which include hydrocodone/APAP, ibuprofen, wherein these medications seem to keep things under control. Office Notes dated 05/23/2016 revealed that the patient has a history of spinal…

Vasoplegic syndrome (VS) is a well-known form of vasodilatory shock that occurs in up to 44% of patients after cardiac surgery employing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)(1). CPB is often associated with a systemic inflammatory response and transient vascular dysfunction that results in profound and persistent vasodilation, leading to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance that grounds severe hypotension refractory to proper fluid resuscitation, and an increased requirement for vasopressors…

Americans each year; that’s 1 out of every 20 deaths.1 Strokes are also referred to as cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), which is the sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen when blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery.2 With the occurrence of strokes being so prevalent, finding an effective way to prevent CVAs is crucial. To understand which preventative measures may be the most effective, the underlying factors must be identified. Per the Stroke…

a stethoscope. Typically, these sounds come from the abnormal motion of blood amid cardiac chambers and across valves. As a result, turbulence occurs, bringing about “vibrations in the chambers of the heart or outflow vessels (aorta or pulmonary artery) that are detected as audible, low-frequency sounds,” (Klabunde, 2016). These sounds are different from the regular heart sounds that symbolize the closing of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves amid the cardiac cycle. Murmurs are either…

We are exposed to so many medical issues and problems on our day to day routine that we sometimes forget their names as well. The world today is so occupied with diseases and ailments that every now and then we get to hear about a new endemic being spread. Amongst these convulsions there arose a very widely spreading common problem of Varicose Veins. In some cases these veins do not cause any serious problems but in cases of serious cosmetic issues and dermatitis, varicose veins treatment…

issues. One of the most common health issues that a person getting older can face is high cholesterol. Eating too much red meat, fried foods, or fatty foods can cause a person to have high cholesterol. Over time high cholesterol begins to clog arteries, increasing the risk of them having a heart attack. Many doctors proscribe a statin called Lipitor to their patients who have high cholesterol. (Like all statins, Lipitor helps prevent heart diseases and stoke by lowering the level of…

Explain how atherosclerotic plaque is formed. Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large and intermediate sized arteries, where fatty lesions called atheromatous plaques develop on the inside surfaces of arterial walls. It is characterised by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation and an accumulation of lipids, calcium, cholesterol, and cellular debris within the intima wall - making it a multifactorial disease that usually develops many years before manifestation of clinical symptoms.…

that are associated with coronary circulation are the right coronary artery and the left coronary artery. These two major arteries bifurcate off of the Aorta and encircle the heart ultimately meeting at the coronary sinus. The left main coronary artery which runs across the left side of the heart and passes between the pulmonary trunk and left auricle gives origin to two smaller coronary arteries: the anterior interventricular artery (Also…

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) occur when alveoli of the lungs are filled with fluids due to severe injury or illness. This fluid buildup instead of air in the alveolar air sacs causes decreased level of oxygen transfer from the lungs to the blood stream. A chest x-ray will show clinical appearance of acute pulmonary edema without elevated left atrial pressure or cardiogenic causes (Brochard, 2011). This will cause a severe deprivation of oxygen to vital organs and leads to…

The uptake of oxygen into muscles is what facilitates muscle contraction. Oxygen that is obtained through breathing by the lungs is transported to the rest of the body, as well as the heart by means of haemoglobin. The rate of liberation of oxygen from haemoglobin has an effect on the quantity of oxygen available in the muscles for a muscle contraction to ensue. The higher the oxygen concentration in the muscle the greater the force of muscle contraction. Temperature has an effect on the…