External carotid artery

The blood is a fluid connective tissue which is unlike most connective tissues taking form in solid aggregation of cells. With this characteristic, it is able to serve specialized functions for the body. First of the many functions of the blood, it serves as the medium of distribution of oxygen and nutrients to cells in our body. The hemoglobin found in the erythrocytes of the blood are the oxygen carriers that will bind oxygen from air inspired and will release it to the cells once the blood…

Hydrocephalus is a medical condition in which there is cerebrospinal fluid in the brain. This cause increases pressure inside the skull and may cause enlargement of the head if it occurs in the childhood, it can cause convulsions, mental disability and tunnel vision. It can also be called “Water on the brain.” Hydrocephalus can be inherited or acquired factors. This includes Spina Bifida, Craniosynostosis and Vein of Galen malformations. For acquired causes hemorrhage,head trauma,tumors and…

below shows that the pacemaker is used mostly by the aged population (60 and older). This is due to the fact that as people age, the risk of heart disease is higher. One common related problem is arteriosclerosis otherwise known as “hardening of the arteries” leading to increase in blood pressure with age. Some other changes to an aging heart involves: Stiffer blood vessels, which thickens some heart walls that help with blood flow Valves become thicker and stiffer causing leaks or problems with…

atherosclerosis, the main contributor to MI. “Atherosclerosis a common disorder characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of arteries (Mosby, 2013, pg.153).” Fatty deposits (lipids) are circulating through the blood and become stuck to the artery walls, due to an injury in the endothelial lining of the blood vessel. After some time, the build up of plaque activates the body’s inflammatory process. Macrophages are…

smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes” (“Cardiovascular Disease”). The process of contracting cardiovascular disease from these factors is intricate. “When the plaque ruptures, or breaks open, it forms a blood clot in the coronary artery which completely block the artery. This prevents oxygen-rich blood from being delivered to the heart muscle beyond that blockage and that of the heart begins to die” (“Cardiovascular…

media–adventitia interface of the far wall can be recorded for the common carotid artery and carotid artery bulb in the majority of cases, thus enabling valid measurements of far wall intima–media thickness (Fig. 4; distance between echoes marked 4 and 5 in Fig. 4). However, present experience from several groups indicates that it is difficult to achieve reliable high quality measurements of intima–media thickness of the internal carotid artery in prospective studies. This is probably due to…

Decompression Sickness Decompression sickness, also known as "the bends," occurs when a person moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure too quickly. Decompression sickness is considered a medical emergency. CAUSES This condition is caused by gas bubbles that form in your blood and tissues when air or water pressure changes from high to low too quickly. The gas enters your blood when you are in an area of high pressure. Moving from to an area of low pressure too fast does…

MRI, 3-dimensional echocardiography (3-D echo) and PET/CT scans have changed the game by being less invasive and less expensive. Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) is a diagnostic tool used for early detection to find small blockages in coronary arteries. CTA is so great that doctors can rule in or out significant heart disease in a matter of minutes with a 95% accuracy rate. Echocardiography is another detector involving ultrasound to evaluate the functions of heart muscle and valves. There…

What is a Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)? A cerebrovascular accident is also known as a stroke. It is a vascular disease that affects the brain by way of the arteries leading to and within the brain. The two most common types of stroke are: ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke. An ischemic stroke can occur due to clot forming in an artery that is already narrow due to plaque, or a clot may break off from…

Database and Assessment Table 1 – Physical Nursing Assessment Data GENERAL: Patient is an 88 year-old Caucasian male. Vital signs stable at 97.3°F, 82BPM, 22 breaths/min, 84/54mmHg, 100% on 1.5lL O2, 0/10 pain, patient weight 58kg. SKIN/HAIR/NAILS: Skin was thin and fragile, warm and moist, skin color slightly pale, skin tear on left upper arm measuring 3 inches, no bleeding or pain. Mucous membranes are moist. Fingernails trimmed and clean. Toenails were thick and had a yellowish color to…