Endocytosis

Problem: The Glioblastoma brain Tumor or Brain cancer are quite difficult to treat, even after the treatment with chemotherapy or removal of tumor by surgery it recurs. Nearly 70,000 people are diagnosed with brain tumor every year in US alone. Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNA’s) are in the under testing phase for curing cancer. Introduction: When a cell malfunctions and keeps multiplying and forms a mass of tissue, a tumor is formed. A normal cell in a body die and are replaced by a new one. But…

EXERCISE INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS Introduction Exercise induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a rare but a life threatening condition in which exercise is a cofactor for anaphylactic conditions. This emergency condition is presented with symptoms including sudden fatigue, warmth, increase heart rate, palpitation etc. sypmtoms varies from mild cutaneous to systemic such as hypotension, syncope, myocardial infarction and even leads to death. (3) Cutaneous sypmtoms such as urticarial lesions, edema and…

Prologue: The prologue chapter introduces biology and it’s meaning. It states the difference between pseudoscience and testable science. For example, evil forces do not kill the living contents in the biosphere nor do the gods help keep it alive. Instead, the biosphere is based on scientific explanations from observations, inferences, and experiments. In these experiments, there are testable hypotheses, such as whether your plant will die or why the plant grew to the top of the bottle.…

Running about ten miles daily and regular weight lifting is my everyday routine in order to maintain the body that I want…in other words, I love food so I have to work out to be able to continue to fit into my clothes. I always envied my dear friend, Jenny (I envied her in a good way) because she never exercises and cares less about what she eats. One would think that these reasons are grounds for obesity, but not in the case of Jenny. Her body is as beautiful as Jennifer Lopez’s body…even…

trafficking of the Glu2R subunit of the AMPA receptor to the post-synaptic density, increasing the local synaptic potential and lowering threshold to depolarization at the membrane [28]. PKMz inhibitors can erase memories up to 3 months old, and GluA2 endocytosis inhibitors can block the loss of memory associated with ZIP [3]. Based on these observations, it has been proposed that PKMz and it’s downstream targets form a self-perpetuating, positive-feedback network through “synaptic auto-tagging”…

addition, there are nucleases that exist in blood and other bodily fluids that can degrade unprotected non-viral vectors and prevent them from reaching the target cell. Nucleic acids typically enter cells through physical uptake mechanisms like endocytosis, phagocytosis, or pinocytosis…

Concerning nanotechnological consumer products, the most rapidly growing is the use of nanoparticles (NPs).(47) So far the knowledge regarding the safety aspects of NPs is still in its initial phase and greater efforts is needed to understand the interaction of NPs with the human body. (48) Several studies have reported that NPs always showed more serious toxicity than bulks and suggested that their size and the dose were the key factors influencing NPs toxic effects.(49) Despite of this, large…

Solubility studies The solubility of docetaxel in various vehicles selected as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant for formulation of L-SNEDDS was determined and presented in the Table 1. Among the tested vehicles, Capmul PG8 NF (>250 mg/mL), Capmul MCM C8 (>250 mg/mL) and Transcutol P (>200 mg/mL) had the highest drug solubilization capacity for docetaxel. Whereas, Captex and Gelucire 44/14 shown the least solubility of docetaxel in them. Based on the solubility results, Capmul PG8 NF…

Every year one in six Americans get food poisoning . Food poisoning occurs due to the contamination of food through microorganisms. Botulism is a form of food poisoning caused by the microorganism Clostridium botulinum. Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive bacterium, bacillus in shape, and is an obligate anaerobe.1 The bacterium can produce endospores, making it resistant to microbial control methods. Clostridium botulinum survives in nonliving reservoirs1 . It is commonly found in soil and…

The effects of gene mutation on Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Caenorhabditis Elegans Amira Brown University of California, Santa Barbara Abstract This experiment examines the effects of distinct odorants on chemotaxis behavior of the nematode worm, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. Elegans). Nematode worms are appropriate for sensory physiology studies because its neuronal wiring is similar to that of humans. We focused on the role of three sensory neurons in the nose of the…