Dopamine

It has been discovered that dopamine neurons were still damaged even three years after quitting use of the drug. It is not known if damage is permanent, but damage lasts an incredibly long time. It has been found that methamphetamine use can also damage the neurons that contain serotonin. Changes in dopamine and serotonin neurons help to explain some of the long-term effects of methamphetamine use such as hallucinations…

different stages, which are lust, attraction, and attachment. In each of these different stages the brain releases different chemical stimulants. The first sign of love the brain starts to release dopamine and serotonin in excess. Once the relationship continues the levels of dopamine and serotonin decrease. As dopamine starts to decrease the brain starts to release oxytocin and vasopressin. The brain sends the signals to all over the brain and body. The stimulants associated with love are found…

Did you know that possessing a greater amount of dopamine receptors in the hippocampus results in better episodic memory? It’s a wonder why some people have great memory of past events, while others have none. As an adult it gets increasingly harder to remember events you experienced as a child. It has always been a phenomenon as to why you can’t remember the memories you had as a child. Why you forget what happens before the age of four. As an infant your brain is busy making new cells in the…

less than 10 minutes. Volume of distribution is 1.8 to 2.45L/kg. Dopamine is metabolized in liver, kidney, and plasma by monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase, convert it into active norepinephrine and inactive metabolites. The half-life of dopamine is 2 minutes and total body clearance is 115 mL/kg/min. 80% of it will be excreted in…

shows that “adderall primarily functions by targeting activity of the neurotransmitters Dopamine and Norepinephrine in the brain” (Joern et al. par. 6). Norepinephrine is a hormone that deals with the brain’s alertness and focus levels. For a person with ADHD Adderall would allow them to focus on a single thing for longer than their brain previously allowed. The brain is being awarded by Norepinephrine and Dopamine while it’s paying attention. Although these benefits often sound appealing the…

such as dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate and acetylcholine. These are chemicals that transport messages between brain cells. Research shows that people with schizophrenia may have an imbalance between dopamine and serotonin. However, the dopamine hypothesis suggests that a high level of dopamine in the brain may be the basis of the problem (Brisch et al., 2014). Several antipsychotic medications, like chlorpromazine and haloperidol, which are used to treat schizophrenia bind to dopamine…

chemicals in the brain are called dopamine and Gaba. When the individual is abusing the drug, the dopamine secretions in the brain surges to give the abuser a feeling of euphoria. Repeated abuse of the drug causes the brain to adapt to this large supply of dopamine and therefore reduces the natural production of dopamine in the brain. Therefore, when the drug is being withdrawn, there is a deficiency of dopamine in the brain due to the reduced production of dopamine in the brain and this causes…

many factors that are indecisive. Current research into future treatments for Parkinson’s have been attempting to replace lost dopamine cells…

Dopamine is the main reward pathway as well as being a hormone it’s the main factor that impacts an individuals feeling of pleasure. However, when taking a drug this can work in place of the chemical neurotransmitter, therefore interfering with the balance of this chemical to make it imbalanced and therefore disrupting behavior of the typical neural communication. An example of this is the use of conventional antipsychotic drugs in the treatment of schizophrenia, these bind to dopamine receptors…

Methamphetamine exemplifies this greatly by imitating dopamine. Dopamine transporters are responsible for removing dopamine from the synaptic cleft, but when Meth impersonates dopamine, it tricks the cell and is taken in by the dopamine transporters. Meth then enters the dopamine vesicles, forcing the dopamine out. The surplus of dopamine in the cell forces the transporters to start working in reverse, and through active transport, it pumps the dopamine out of the cell and into the synapse…