Crystallographic defect

Abstract: This paper provides a brief summary of existing article Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Defects by Vladislav Ischenko,Sebastian Polarz,Dirk Grote,Victorina Sravarache,Karin Fink,and Matthias Driess. This paper discusses the importance of a nanoscale ZnO with defects in its structure. The article also provides a broad analysis of ZnO nanoparticles using a consolidation of techniques and the resulting data is summarised in this review. The paper gives the realization of when a nanocrystalline ZnO that is rich in defects could be obtained. The types of defects and impact of electronic characteristics due to their existence is reviewed in this summary. Keywords: ZnO nanoparticles, Zinc Oxide, Defects, Defect structure. INTRODUCTION ZnO is an important nanomaterial due to its vast scope of properties and applications. It has the richest range of nanostructures in terms of morphology and characteristics. ZnO nanostructures have innovative applications in optoelectronics, sensors, transducers and bio-medical sciences [2]. the control over ZnO’s rich defect chemistry which is important in controlling properties is the reason for having its vast range of applications. ZnO usage in low pressure methanol synthesis as a component of composite catalysts as it prolongs the catalyst life [3]. ZnO after reduction leads to the formation of oxygen vacancies this in turn helps the catalytic activity by acting as an active…

ZEVs raises serious concerns about the environmental impacts of ZEVs due to their production and use. Is CARB’s push for ZEVs premature given the present state of battery technology? Will the production of ZEVs lead to unforeseen environmental destruction? Or are ZEVs the answer to our air pollution woes? This paper analyzes the feasibility of electric cars and the impacts of their production on the environment. The components of air pollution have been attributed to a number of serious…

Other tests that can be useful but not used for a definitive diagnosis are hemoglobin and hematocrit studies, chest x-ray, magnetic resonance imaging, and electrocardiography. Treatments Surgical treatment is required but due to TOF being a progressive disorder the timing of the surgery may be different because of the severity of the anomaly. Currently the trend is to have the surgery before the age of one year old, in which the primary operation is usually performed under cardiopulmonary…

and have patience. You have to be able to do your job and make the children feel safe and secure. Pediatrics is the branch of medicine dealing with children and their diseases. There are many branches in pediatrics--such as, pediatric dentist, pediatric nurse, pediatric cardiologist, etc. All these branches of pediatrics deal with different kinds of illnesses. Pediatric dentists deal with the structure of a child’s mouth. A lot of children have problems with their jaw alignment, resulting in…

At the age of 11, Gacy hit his head on a swing which caused a blood clot in his brain that resulted in numerous blackouts; head trauma can cause criminal behavior based on phenology--a biological sub-theory. Also, when Gacy was 17, he was diagnosed with a congenital heart defect that forced him to be hospitalized occasionally throughout his life. Avatism, another biological sub-theory, focuses on abnormal physical traits most criminals exhibit; for example, Gacy has large lips and lots of body…

What is congenital heart defect? There are so many types of heart defect that generally exists and are noticed. Some of them either obstruct blood flow in heart oil vessels or some of them results in the slow blood to flow through the heart in abnormal way. There are other defects that you may notice such as long QT syndrome due to which the heart rhythm or heart beats gets uneven. If any of the effects are related to common birth defects, then chances are high that it causes to death only. All…

Congenital heart diseases refers to the structural (anatomical) or physiological defects in the normal functioning of the heart as a result of birth defects that may be diagnosed soon after birth or may take years to produce full blown cardiac insufficiency. Valvular heart defects form the most common variety of congenital cardiac defect that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in adult years if no management options are employed. This is because the metabolic demands of the body…

Congenital heart disease can describe a number of different problems affecting the heart. It is the most common type of birth defect. CHD causes more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defects. There are many causes of CHD including problems with genes or chromosomes in the child, taking certain medications, drugs, or alcohol during pregnancy,and a viral infection, like rubella in the mother, in the first trimester or pregnancy. All of these things can cause your baby's heart…

heart valve defect. About 40,000 babies in the United States are born with the disease. A congenital heart defect is a condition pertaining to a baby born with a defect in the structure of their heart. Some congenital heart defects are simple and do not require treatment, however, others are complex that require surgical procedures to the repaired. Moreover, a baby with the defect usually requires multiple surgeries over the course of several years. Another problem faced by clinicians and…

Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital cardiac abnormality, was first described pathologically in 1888 by E´tienne-Louis Arthur Fallot, a professor at the University of Marseilles. It is characterized by a combination of four related malformations: ventricular septal defect, right ventricular outflow obstruction, overriding aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy, each varying in its severity (Evans 2008). The key anatomical components that identify tetralogy of Fallot include an antero-cephalad…