Chemical reactions

and it also showed if the reaction went to completion or not. In addition, the mass of the final product was obtained to determine the percent yield. To a 5mL conical vial with a magnetic stir bar was added 0.08g 4-t-butylcyclohenanone and 0.5 mL ethanol. Then, 3 mL of 0.6 M NaBH4 was added to the solution, and the solution was stirred for 10 minutes. After 10 minutes, HCl was added to solution. This caused the reaction to foam up and two layers appeared in the reaction. HCl was added until…

The purpose of this lab was to find the most efficient way to transfer heat from a chip to a water beaker. The heat transfer was coming from burning a baked lay and through our calorimeter heat energy was pushed out. Then we took it another step further by modifying our calorimeter to capture even more energy. The overall purpose was to capture as much energy as possible. “Energy is the ability to do work, or the ability to elicit change in matter.” (Castro) Energy can be defined in different…

Do mole ratios affect the amount of reactant that is produced? This experiment tested why mixing reactants in different mole ratios affected the amount of the product and the amount of each reactant that is left over. To solve the problem, the lab contained reacting sodium bicarbonate(baking soda) and acetic acid(vinegar) in different ratios and seeing if the product changed. The data suggests that the higher ratio of baking soda to vinegar creates the most product. For the ratio…

The procedure of the experiment includes two parts: 1. Determination of the Freezing Point of Glacial Acetic Acid: to record the temperature of acetic acid every 30 seconds until it reach 300 seconds (5 minutes). 2. Determination of the Molar Mass of an Unknown Compound: to record the temperature of the mixture between unknown solid and glacial acetic acid. After that, put the ice-water mixture into the tube and record the temperature every 30 seconds. Pre lab questions: 1. Solute: dissolved…

was done with three different reactions, each under different conditions. The reactions were evaluated using the TLC plate to see how far each reaction progressed. During the experiment reaction test tube 2 had the darkest yellow color out of the three reactions. On the TLC plate the starting material had one dot, with an Rf value of 0.22. Reaction 1 had two dots, with Rf values of 0.29 and 0.55. Reaction 2 had two dots with Rf values of 0.24 and 0.53. Reaction 3 had two dots with Rf…

In this lab, we took four separate onion bulbs, labeled them A,B,C, and D, and put them in a beaker filled with water. We recorded the growth in number of roots and their average length for days one, two, and five. Then we put Bulbs B, C, and D in beakers with different amounts of caffeine and left Bulb A in water. We then recorded the number of roots and their average length on days two, three, and four. After that, we took and onion root form Bulbs A, B, C, and D, stained them, and looked for…

rate of the Methylene blue solution when tested with varying amounts of solution. Background: The Blue Bottle Experiment is a classic demonstration of a Reversible oxidation-reduction reaction with an alkaline solution of glucose that acts as a reducing agent. It is known that, “Methylene blue speeds up the reaction, acting as an oxygen transfer agent.” (http://www1.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/texts/expt_1.html) When the solution is shaken it oxidizes and returns to its dark blue form, then once…

should be inert in the system being studied. For example, Tris buffer is unsuitable for some protein assays because it reacts with the assay components. Phosphate buffers contribute phosphate ions to a solution, which inhibit some types of enzyme reactions such as alkaline phosphatase. Tris-Borate-EDTA (TBE) buffer and Tris-Acetate-EDTA (TAE) buffers are most commonly used for DNA gel electrophoresis. However, because the borate reacts with hydroxyl group…

For much of human history, salt has been mined from the areas around dry lake beds and in deposits left after ancient seas dried up. These bodies of water all evaporated, leaving their crystallized salt deposits behind. Mined salt is sourced from these deposits. It differs from sea salt in that sea salt is taken from living oceans. While it is usually ground finely for sprinkling onto food as table salt, some of it is kept in a coarse and chunky form that is referred to as rock salt. Rock salt…

2-Bromoheptane + Potassium TertButoxide reaction yielded 3 different products: 1-heptene, Cis-2-heptene and Trans-2-heptene. However, the major product constituent was 1-heptene. Because Potassium TertButoxide is a bulky base, steric hindrance prevents it from attacking a hydrogen on a highly substituted carbon. Consequently, the base attacks a hydrogen on the least substituted carbon (primary carbon). In this case, steric hindrance is reduced and the elimination reaction is faster, so a less…