Carbon footprint

Esterification is a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reaction wherein a carboxylic acid or a derivative of a carboxylic acid accepts a nucleophile which in turns substitutes for a leaving group. In esterification a leaving group connected to the carbonyl carbon is substituted by an alkoxide ion which forms the formula RCOOR’ which is an ester. For this particular experiment the esterification used was the Fischer esterification reaction which involves a carboxylic acid and an alcohol mixed in…

fuel resources such as coal, but we are getting religion. With the right amount of will and leadership we can certainly avoid the worst ' ' ' (Marsa 124). Australia has started to work on reforms to change their nasty habits such as putting a tax on carbon, which has provided an incentive to lower the usage of fossil…

In the Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of norbornene, water and sulfuric acid were added to the C=C double bond to form norborneol. Sulfuric acid acted as a catalyst, where it was not consumed in the reaction and helped to propel the reaction forward, as it was vital in forming hydronium ion and breaking the double bond. Both the products endo-norborneol and exo-norborneol were synthesized; however regioselectivity and stereoselectivity played a role as to which product was more preferred and whether…

Beryllium General Characteristics According to Hornbostel (1991), Beryllium is a hard, exceptionally, lightweight, gray-white metal, corrosion resistant at ordinary temperatures; chemically it is related to aluminum. Other than titanium, it is the only light metal which has both good strength and a high melting point. Additionally, it is a good electrical conductor, has high modulus of elasticity, exceptionally transmit x-rays and sounds at very high velocities. Moreover, it has the ability to…

goal of the OMCVD process, to produce zero-valent state of metal element with existing technology and producing units is only possible for the Ni(CO)4. The processes which apply other precursors usually produce the thin film of metal polluted by the carbon or…

not rust or stain like normal steel would and even though it is called stainless steel, it is not entirely stainless, because in low-oxygen, high salinity environments it is able to be stained. The main difference between stainless steel and general carbon steel is the amount of chromium present. Due to the amount of chromium that stainless steel contains, the stainless steel will form a chromium oxide film which will help prevent corrosion as it blocks the oxygen fusing to the surface of the…

alloy and Iron is an element. Steel is also called as an alloy of iron, with the content of carbon controlled. 4% of carbon in Iron makes it Cast Iron and when the carbon content is less than 2%, the product is steel. Cast Iron is made from pig iron, which is the by-product of smelting of iron from an iron-foundry. Mild steel, which is also known as plain carbon steel, approximately contains 0.05-0.15% of carbon. This makes it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low tensile…

Introduction 1.1 Polyurethane polyurethanes were first developed by Otto Bayer and coworkers in 1937. Shortly thereafter, Schollenberger and coworkers used formula modification to prepare elastomeric polyurethane products from Bayer's products that were like nylon or other engineering plastics in physical characteristics. PUs are widely used in coatings, flexible and rigid foams, elastomers, and composites. Reasons for the use of polyurethane coatings include: high performance characteristics…

Diels-Alder Reaction Objective: The objective of this lab was to do a diels-alder reaction using anthracene, maleic anhydride, and xylene to create 9,10-dihydroanthracene, 10-, -succinic acid anhydride. Experimental: Anthracene (1.00g, 5.61x 10-3 mol), maleic anhydride (0.75g, 7.61x 10-3 mol), xylene (5mL, 4.71x 10-2 mol), and a stir rod were added into a round-bottomed flask. The round-bottom flask was then moved to the hood where the it was attached to a distillation column, placed on…

staggered conformation,dihedral angle and a few more. Eclipsed conformation is the conformation whereby the C-H bonds on one carbon is directly aligned with the C-H bonds of the adjacent carbon. When the C-H bond of one carbon bisects the H-C-H bond on the adjacent carbon, it is known as staggered conformation. Dihedral angle is the angle which separates the the bond on carbon atom from another bond of the adjacent atom. The conformer is each possible structure of the isomerism. Conformational…