Calcium channel blocker

Calcium Channel blockers (CCB) are prescription medication that relax blood vessels and increase the supply of blood. It is commonly used for patients with heart conditions such as hypertension or high blood pressure. In the left ventricle, you have contractile muscle cells of the heart that contract when they are pumping blood which is known as stroke volume (SV). Calcium comes from outside the cell because of action potentials (AP) which is a signal to the left ventricle that causes an electrical charge which is a result of sodium channels. When sodium diffuses in and potassium diffuses out the cell becomes more positive and is depolarizing. AP begins in the cardiac muscles of the heart because of pacemaker cells (purkinje cells) in the…

understanding of the terms pharmacophore and a privileged structure. In order for this reaction to occur an aldehyde, ammonia, and two equivalents of a B-ketoester go through a one-pot cyclocondensation reaction. After 1,4-dihydropyridine is formed, it is then oxidized to form its pyridine derivative. Alcohol or Acetic acid is then used as a refluxing solvent for this compound. This compound has been found to have many uses including the treatment of cardiovascular disease and Ca2+ channel…

The drug I have chosen from the category ‘Antihypertensive Drugs’ is the calcium-channel blocker, isradipine. Isradipine is a potent dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker which is similar to nifedipine in structure. The chemical structure of isradipine is shown below: Image retrieved from: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/i6658?lang=en®ion=GB Isradipine is one of the few drugs from the class of calcium channel blockers that is indicated only for hypertension. It…

limitations on drug trials in pregnancy, there is very limited evidence on the safety, efficacy and ideal dosing regime for many drugs in pregnancy. Hence why drug categorisation is a necessity during pregnancy to aid in the limitation of fetal exposure to potentially teratogenic substances (TGA 2011). Mechanism of Drug The pharmacological actions of Nifedipine alter the action of normal calcium ion channels within muscle cells in the human body. Nifedipine binds to and blocks the flow of…

occurs in the later years of one’s life, it is overwhelmingly more common in men than women, and it is most likely to be seen in South-east Asia. This disease consists of a “ST segment elevation in the right precordial electrocardiogram (ECG),” which is some cases can lead to a death related to cardiovascular issues. According to researchers, if the patient’s ST segment elevation is 2 mm or higher and they have “a negative T wave in right precordial leads,” this is indicative of Brugada…

shows that she is improving with her vancomyosin. She also had a history of cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension, so we have her on metoprolol. I was going to give her heparin as a prophylaxis but she denied it. Upon assessing her I found that she was at a falls risk because she had macular degeneration. What I taught her was to make sure her environment is clean without obstruction and to walk slowly when navigating to areas. During assessment of her abdomen, she said she have not had a bowel…

twice daily, to control his blood sugar levels for his type 2 diabetes. Metformin (Glucophage) is used to help to lower blood sugar when it is too high and help restore the way you use food to make energy (“Metformin (Oral Route),” 2015). Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol). Mr. Borg was prescribed methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol) 500 mg IV daily, to help reduce inflammation in the lungs. This medication is a corticosteroid that works on the immune system to help relieve swelling…

It is always right for kids. There are many kids channels in television such as: PBS kids, Cartoon network, and Disney channel. Each channel has their own special program, but their same purpose is entertainment. For example, children really love PBS kids. Absolutely, they watched it all day when they were little. In addition, people usually found their children watched these channels in their school while they were waiting for their parents. It means that school also uses television as a school…

Introduction Water hardness is defined as the sum of the concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in a water sample which is measured by amount of CaCO3. Typically, water hardness indicates the water quality, as hard water has greater concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ and soft water has proportionally less concentrations of the aforementioned ions.1 Water that contains Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations above 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) is categorized as hard while soft water contains ion concentrations…

The Difference between Detergent and Soap The reason for this case study is to dissect the Difference between detergent and soap. In this case study, I will define the meaning of the cleaning agents, I will give you an introductory, I will discover how they are made, I will discover how they work, and why one cleaning agents is better than the other. This case study will be designed using the descriptive scientific method. The meanings of Detergent and Soap A detergent is a substance that cleans…