Boiling point

Chemistry Internal Assessment Introduction: The experiment is to conclude which aqueous solution of the chlorides has the highest boiling point out of the five that has been tested.there will be five different chloride compounds mixed into water and be heated till it is boiling. The interest for this topic comes from how intermolecular forces affect the molecules by either repulsing and attracting molecules due to polarity. This idea interests me because when cooking and boiling salt water, it takes longer and for it to boil as well as mixing anything else into the water. Research Question: How does different chlorides affect the boiling point of water? Background research: When a solute is added to water the boiling point of the water gets higher. This is the boiling point elevation. The cause of this is vapor pressure. The vapor pressure of the solvent is less than the vapor pressure of the pure solvent (water). The boiling point of the solution would need to be heated to a higher temperature to be equivalent to the external pressure. Different solutions will have different vapor pressure. When adding a solution to water the boiling point is elevated and the temperature would need to be raised to boil the solution. Methodology: For this experiment the independent variable would be the solute that is being…

The boiling point of an organic compound determines its structural features and physical properties of the compound, which helps us to name the characteristics. Boiling point defined as the “temperature at which the vapour pressure of the liquid is the same as the pressure of the atmosphere on the liquid surface”. (Mahaffy, P, Bucat, B, Tasker, R, Kotz, J, Treichel, P, Weaver, G, McMurry, J 2011). The boiling point 1-hexanol, 2-hexanone, 1-pentanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol are represented in the…

was to determine the relationships between boiling point and molecular structure. To do this we used four different chemicals, all with the same molecule but just with different subscripts. To preform this experiment, we were required to use a hot plate, water bath, alcohols, ketones, and alkalines, a test tube, capillaries, and a test tube cap. Once the water was boiling, we lowered the test tube into the water and waited until the chemical began to boil. Once the chemical began to boil we…

temperature when it is dealing with the boiling point of water,” says Jacob Young, a mechanical designer at Blauch Brothers, Inc (Young, J.C. 2017). The pressure on Earth at sea level is 14.696 PSIA (Pounds per Square Inch Absolute). This pressure is caused by the weight of the Earth’s atmosphere being pulled towards Earth’s surface by gravitational forces. At this pressure, water’s boiling point is 212˚ Fahrenheit. Pressure decreases with increasing altitude, and as a result, the boiling point…

Distillation, described from About Education, is the process of separating liquids with 2 different boiling points. Distillating requires heating and cooling of liquid components to eventually purify the mixtures. In distillation, heat is added to vaporize the liquid with the lower boiling point and this vapor gas bubble is condensed back into its liquid form, where it is then collected in a receiving flask or a graduated cylinder. Multiple distillations and collections, depending on the types…

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This indicates that chemicals with higher boiling points will have longer retention times than chemicals with low boiling points. With that thought in mind and based on the data, it is clear to say that the major products that were produced with toluene, acetophenone, and nitric acid were indicated by peaks 4 and 5 on the toluene GC spectrum. These chemicals were o-nitrotoluene and p-nitrotoluene. This was determined by first finding the literature values of all the reactants’ and products’…

This is the consequence of a decrease in the specific heat capacity of the solution compared to pure water. The specific heat capacity drops because the specific heat is lower for salt. Hence, when water is mixed with salt the specific heat value drops. In other words, it takes less energy to raise the temperature of the salt water by 1K than pure water. This means that the salt water heats up faster and eventually gets to its boiling point first. The heat capacity of NaCl has been found to be…

Simple distillation was used for a liquid whose boiling points is 25 degrees Celsius over the other liquid, whereas fractional distillation is used for liquids with boiling points that are closer than 25 degrees Celsius apart. To obtain the highest percent ethanol, fraction distillation is proven to be the most effective. Because the 2 liquids have a boiling point difference of about 25 degrees Celsius, we used both simple and fractional distillation to remove the ethanol from the water.…

the two unknown volatile liquids. Once the unknown mixture was successfully fractioned, gas chromatography was used to help determine the identity of the two unknown liquids. Fractional distillation and simple distillation both take advantage of two major physical properties to separate liquids. Specifically, boiling point differences and the identity of the vapor phase of mixtures. However, one must utilize the correct distillation based on the conditions presented. If a mixture of volatile…