Biotinylation

which has four binding sites for biotin or biotinylated derivatives with extraordinary affinity. Biotin can be chemically coupled to a binder molecule (e.g., a protein, DNA, hormone, etc.) without disturbing the interaction with its target molecule by a procedure called biotinylation. Avidin can then be exploited to “sandwich” between the biotinylated binder and a targeting molecule or probe. Avidin was also coupled with a functional moiety in some cases. Through the avidin-biotin system, we can achieve various tasks, including localization, identification, assay, etc. (Adams, and Weiner, 2005). The biotinylation is an essential prerequisite in the successful application of the avidin-biotin technology. It may be accomplished by direct conjugation…

genetic material.14 However, it can be difficult to transfect enough of the desired cells with such a method, and for this reason we will be using the novel method proposed below. Figure 3: Schematic diagram for in vivo multimodal imaging of EVs http://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1021/nn404945r The reporter system developed by Lai et al. allows for both in vivo imaging as well as quantification and real-time analyzation of exosome biodistribution. Taking advantage of previous research,…