Areca catechu

According to Bile et al. (2010), the most commonly used forms of SLT in Pakistan are paan or betel (which includes tobacco, areca nut, catechu, tobacco and slaked lime in a betel leaf), naswar (contains tobacco, oil, lime, flavouring and colouring agents), chalia/supari (which is plain areca nut or coated with tobacco) and gutka (consists of tobacco, areca nut, lime, catechu, paraffin and flavours). Reasons for Smokeless Tobacco use SLT is commonly used in South Asia mainly because of its wide acceptability due to its relation with socializing, family and cultural tradition, affordability, accessibility and lack of prohibitive regulations (Kakde, Bhopal and Jones, 2012). Increase use of SLT is also due to the lack of taboo against using it and misconceptions about it use which include, that it is less harmful than cigarette and it has medicinal value for improvement in body ache (Imam et al., 2007). According to CDC (2014), low SLT prices, weak warning labels, underdeveloped surveillance…

In "Monkey Bridge,” Mai and her mother use key aspects of Vietnamese mythology and traditional beliefs, also known as the “luminous motion,” that encompasses speculation of the past as well as of the future. It reflects between the past and present worlds, telling two engaging stories through the narrative of a mother and daughter. Although, both Mai and her mother have had to quickly adjust to American life, they are immediately confronted with an encounter of cultures and generations that…

oral mucosa. Involvement of tongue leads to depapillation as well as fibrosis and blanching around the lateral border of tongue. Hard palate involvement leads to blanching of the mucosa and soft palate including uvula involvement leads to shrunken uvula. In extreme cases Eustachian tube also gets involved which leads to hearing loss. The use of betel quid contain areca nut, and pan masala (gutkha) which not only contains areca nut with tobacco, areca lime, catechu (kattha), tannin etc and number…