Apoptosis

highlight the benefits of eating pomegranate and its effects on breast cancer. A normal cell has a tendency to divide as many times and then stop by a programmed cell death (apoptosis) when they are no longer needed; however a cancer cell loses its tendency to stop dividing, to attach to other cells, and to die by apoptosis. One of the reasons of breast cancer is the mutation in some genes in our body which are linked to estrogen exposure. Multiple medical treatments have been used so far which…

programmed cell death) due to the fact that healthy SOD1 are against programmed cell death (Pasinelli et al. 2004). The pro-apoptotic characteristic of mutant SOD1 is demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. The mitochondria inside cells firmly control apoptosis, and the mutant SOD1 that aggregates inside mitochondria triggers the programmed cell death of motor neurons (Pasinelli et al. 2004). One experiment studied proteins that interact with mutant SOD1, specifically Bcl-2 which is anti-apoptotic,…

Introduction Sold commercially under the tradename Sevin, carbaryl (C12H11NO2) is an insecticide that is commonly applied to corn, soybean, and cotton (EPA, 2000). It is a cholinesterase inhibitor that kills insects by preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. Neurons are stimulated when they release acetylcholine and transmit a message to the next neuron (Waymire, n.d.). However, in order for a neuron to return to its initial, unstimulated state, the acetylcholine in its…

Huma Liptak Molecules that Changed the World Professor Shriver 15 October 2014 My interest in researching nitroglycerin’ ability to slow down or even stop cancer growth is an expansion of research done by Queen’s University and Kyoto University. Both studies used nitroglycerin to study its effects on cancer. The Queen’s University began with research about why cancerous cells sometimes overcome the body’s immune system. “The researchers looked at the role that hypoxia, or low oxygen content…

Apoptosis or Programmed cell death (PCD) is a regulated process of cell death where unwanted or damaged cells are eliminated. It is an important component of a cell’s growth, development, and homeostasis in multicellular organisms. The programmed cell death process consists of the cell’s cytoplasm condensing and within an hour getting phagocytized by the neighbouring cell. Throughout the whole process, the cell’s membrane is still intact and this prevents the contents of the cell from getting…

Hypothalamic programming of systemic ageing involving IKK-b, NF-kB and GnRH (Zhang et al., 2013). Cellular senescence is when a cell’s replicative mechanism becomes arrested. This was phenomenon was first described in Hayflick’s experiment. Cellular senescence is usually due to protect the cell from becoming cancerous but it also plays a prominent role in aging (van Deursen, 2014). While senescence describes a halt in proliferation, cancer development is the uncontrolled proliferation of…

because they are Cell death by apoptosis plays a crucial role in tissue development and homeostasis. This process is carried out through mitochondrial permeabilization and the activation of caspases. The condensation of chromatin and the fragmentation of DNA are key features of apoptotic cells, which are eventually eliminated by phagocytes. The deregulation of apoptosis can contribute to pathologies such as cancer or autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Apoptosis is a type of…

Mitochondria and caspases are essential elements of the controlling mechanism of apoptosis 1. Caspases, a family of enzymes that are key effectors of apoptosis, are cysteine proteases that cut after aspartic acid residues. Several of these enzymes, like caspase 3 and caspase 7, are responsible for many of the effects of apoptosis. These effects include cell shrinkage, PS externalization, and membrane microvesiculation 2-5. Cytochrome C, a component of the electron transport chain, is normally…

survive. Heterozygous is most common type that we can observe. hid is on chromosome 3L. The expression of gene depends on what types of mutation happen on the genes. After many researches, scientists conclude that hid plays a really important role in apoptosis. Most of them happen right after eclosion (Abbott, 1991). There are multiple alleles that are in hid. hidWR+X1 is one of the key allele for us to determine the function of hid (Grether, 1995). It prevents expression mRNA of hid by…

influenza A virus was capable of inducing apoptosis in mast cells, and if so determine if the virus was using this intentionally to its benefit and which pathways were utilized. The methods used included viral infection of cell cultures, hemagglutination assay, real-time quantitative PCR, plaque assay, transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis, western blot, subcellular fractionation extraction, inhibition of apoptosis using specific inhibitors, and…