Anthrax toxin

Fears about the possible use of biological weapons against US civilians had been largely hypothetical but were confirmed by the combination of 9/11 terrorist attacks and especially, the anthrax letters of September 2001. The perception about bioterrorism drastically changed, resulting in new legislation and public health measures being put in place to prevent any future mishaps from occurring. One example is the Model State Emergency Health Powers Act which granted public health officials…

The anthrax crisis that took place on October 21, 2001, was a very serious pandemic that affected the lives of many Americans within the United States and abroad. The seriousness of a wide spread anthrax attack not only affected the 800,000 employees of the United States Postal Service (USPS), but it affected many people who receive mail on a daily basis. The real threat of the anthrax epidemic occurred on the heel of September 11, 2001 (9/11) so therefore; many Americans felt vulnerable to…

Nixon announced the United States was, “never to use biological weapons, including toxins, under any circumstances whatsoever.”. His statement implies that the United States could not even use biological weapons for protective measures. All biological arsenals were destroyed along with the hope of perfecting these weapons for defensive…

their lives forever. No one had anticipated Sarin gas being on those trains. Who had committed such a despicable act? It would not be long before police officials would figure out who. While Aum Shinrikyo also attempted attacks with botulin toxin and anthrax spores, they have an extensive history with the use of sarin gas. Aum Shinrikyo facilities were raided by law enforcement where high-end chemical producing equipment was seized, cult members drove a converted truck into…

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention works all around the United States as an agency that promotes public health. Through this agency, we have a bioterrorism website that focuses on biological agents like bacteria, viruses, and toxins that are deliberate released making it a form of terrorism. These biological agents can be spread in three ways air, water, and food. The main disease resulting from bioterrorism is death ranging from humans, animals, and plants. The CDC Bioterrorism website…

weapons during this time due to the lack of technology. About eight years ago Anthrax was huge scare around the nation. This substance brought great alarm to the United States with anthrax spores were being mailed to different offices and agencies. “The terrorist attacks which took place in Tokyo in 1995 using chemical weapons in the form of sarin, as well as attacks using biological weapons in the form of anthrax sent by mail in the United States after 2001, indicate that if such material…

used materials of the cowpox to create immunity from the smallpox (The College of Physicians of Philadelphia 2015). This continued with Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine in 1885, and continued with more vaccines to immunize against diphtheria, tetanus, anthrax, cholera, plague, typhoid, tuberculosis, and more in the 1930’s (The College of Physicians of Philadelphia 2015). Vaccines develop immunity by imitating and infection; it does not cause illness, but symptoms can occur due to the immune system…

composition of their cell walls. These differences often have a direct influence on what the bacteria does, with some Gram-negative bacteria being pathogenic in nature. Gram positive bacilli Sopre foming bacillus cereus- food poisoning, bacillus anthracis, anthrax, clostridium tetani-tetanus; clostridium botulinum- botulism; Clostridium perfringens- gangrene; Clostridium difficile- colonitis Non sporing: listeria monocytogenes- food poisoning; corynebecterium diphtheria diplohteria;…

excessive reaction to adsorbed tetanus toxoid may be given the simple vaccine when time for a booster occurs. In the preparation for the 1990 Persian Gulf campaign, pertussis vaccine was used as an adjuvant for anthrax vaccine. This produces a more rapid immune response than giving only the anthrax, which is of some benefit if exposure might be imminent. Vaccines may also contain preservatives to prevent contamination with bacteria or fungi. Until recent years, the preservative thimerosal was…

Biological and Chemical weapons if in the wrong hands can be just as destructive as nuclear weapons. Biological warfare is the use of any organism to harm or kill any population or area. Chemical warfare is the use of any chemical produced by organism to harm people. These weapon could be explained as high risk, no reward. The creation and use of chemical and biological weapons should be banned due to the fact that they are hard to trace and are uncontrollable.With the advances of science these…