Andrology

UNDESCENDED TESTIS Description Cryptorchidism is the absence of one or both testes. Undescended testis is defined as the testis, which cannot be brought to the base of the scrotum without undue tension on the spermatic cord. It is the most common birth defect of the male genitals. However, in most of the cases, the cryptorchid testes descend by the first year of life. In extremely rare cases, cryptorchidism may develop after infancy, sometimes as late as young adulthood. Cryptorchidism is distinct from monorchism, the condition of having only one testicle. The condition may occur on one or both sides; it most commonly affects the right testis. This anomaly is often diagnosed early, but the treatment is delayed due to misconceptions leading to various complications. Causes Cryptorchidism is a common, sporadic and unexplained birth defect. Common causes of undescended testis are the following. • Severely premature infants can be born before the descent of testes • Low birth weight is also a known factor • Diabetes and obesity in the mother • Chemicals like endocrine disruptors, pesticides, etc. • Alcohol and cigarette smoking is also a known risk factor • Family history of undescended testicle or other problems of genital development. • Congenital malformation syndromes like Down syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome and Noonan syndrome. • In vitro fertilization • Use of cosmetics by the mother • Preeclampsia Diagnosis 1. The testis can be located in the superficial inguinal…

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(5-15%). 9To assess the prognosis of patients with SJS/TEN, the severity-of-illness score of TEN (SCORTEN) was used. This scoring system takes into consideration important prognostic factors including age, the presence of underlying malignancy, heart rate, percentage loss of BSA, blood urea nitrogen level, serum glucose level and bicarbonate level. 10 The prevalence, aetiology, clinical presentations and outcome of SJS/TEN in Egypt have not been reported yet. The aim of this study was to…

collaborative labs. Specifically, we were interested in developing selective inhibitors for the seminiferous-tubule isoform of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase family of enzymes. A highlight of this experience was in appreciating the effects that my work under the chemical hood had on biological systems when the time came to undertake pharmacokinetic studies in mice. Though I was enthralled with the technical and multi-disciplinary nature of this effort, I reveled in the prospect of helping the…

Robert Block, when cell phones are used by children, "the average RF energy deposition is two times higher in the brain and 10 times higher in the bone marrow of the skull," than for adults. A July 2008 peer-reviewed study shows that children under the age of eight absorb twice the amount of radiation into their brain tissue as adults due to their lower skull thickness. 6. Radiation from cell phones can damage sperm. Cell phone storage in front pockets has been linked to poor fertility and…