Androgen receptor

Persons with this syndrome develop testes that produce normal or above normal male quantities of testosterone, but they lack androgen receptor sites to bind to the hormone in a normal way. The degree to which the syndrome is manifested depends on the quality and quantity of the available receptor sites. In the most extreme cases (called complete androgen insensitivity), affected children appear to be females, and are reared as such. At puberty, all of the usual secondary feminine sex…

1ml per sample. The samples were incubated at 4⁰C overnight. The following day, the samples were washed with DPBS at 4⁰C and then washed with 2ml 1 perm buffer twice. Anti-mouse Foxp3- PE Ab was added in a 1:100 dilution for 30 mins at 4⁰C. The samples were washed with perm buffer and resuspend in DPBS for flow cytometry analysis. Table 2.4 Antibody panel for SHPS-1 Phenotyping Panel PerCP FITC APC PE PB DC 1 CD45 CD11b CD11c CD103 B220 DC 2 CD4 CD11b CD11c CD8 B220 Treg CD3 CD25 FoxP3 CD4…

Did you know that whenever you smell something, it triggers your senses, and the brain? There are five senses, and one is smell. The brain is a important organ in our body, it tells our body what to do, and what to not do. The person who studied the senses was Linda B. Buck, and the people who studied the brain was the Egyptians. Your senses let you know what is going on around you. The brain is the control center of the body. All information we have about prehistoric cultures comes from…

researchers were interested in determining whether sex differences exist for the cannabinoid modulation of appetite, body temperature, and neurotransmission at POMC synapses. The drugs that were used in this experiment were a 1 mg/kg s.c. agonist CB1 receptor WIN 55,212-2, a 3 mg/kg s.c. antagonist AM251, and a 1 ml/kg s.c. vehicle. This study had two parts to it with one focusing on the behavioral aspects of the animals and the other on the biological aspects. Behavioral…

of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) early on in the progression of the disease (Okada et…

Intersex (also known as hermaphroditism or DSDs) is a group of conditions with disparity between the external genitals and the internal genitals. There are 4 distinguished categories of Intersex, however in some cases, the cause remains undetermined, even with modern diagnostic methods. 1. 46, XX intersex occurs when a person has woman chromosomes, ovaries, but external genitals appear male. This is usually the result of a female fetus exposition to excess male hormones before birth. The labia…

1. A perception is when sensory impulses are interpreted in the brain, such as touching a hot stove. A sensation is when the brain becomes aware of a stimulus, such as pain. 2. Pain receptors are excited by any type of tissue damage. 3. Referred pain is a phenomenon when you feel pain in an area other than where the pain originates from. 4. The thalamus and cerebral cortex are the parts on the brain that interpret pain impulses. The thalamus establishes the awareness of pain, and the…

This essay will provide a focus on the concept of structure in relation to function in biology. The example taken into consideration for the essay is the reintroduction of Gray wolves (Canis lupus), hence predators, into Yellowstone National Park to restore the ecosystem health. Many are the ecological interpretations of wolves’ function when it comes to the Northern Rockies ecosystem as research and scientists have been documenting their overall impact for the last few decades. Firstly, a…

2008). Since then, oils have been used in the UK and Europe for treatment but still has not debuted in the United States as a prescribed form of treatment (Butje, Repede, 2008). Essential oils act on the olfactory system; stimulating olfactory receptors in the nasal epithelium. Stimulation of the olfactory system is shown to immediately lower blood pressure, muscle tension, pupil size, brain activity and sleep (Barcan, 2014) The stimulation from there is then processed to the limbic system and…

transgender women (male to female individuals) compared to 258 non-transsexual males. It was discovered that there was a genetic variation in transgender women – they had higher chances of having a longer version of the androgen receptor (AR) gene, meaning that it is less responsive. Androgens are hormones, such as testosterone, that play a key role in male sexual development before birth and during puberty [1]. They help in the development of male sexual characteristics. There are many…