other deities sit in the halls of Jove, looking down on the mortals. They are “filled with pity”(X.898) while watching the mortals fight a battle manipulated by the gods themselves. Amidst the chaos, I will argue that humans only have a superficial free will because the choices they make always becomes ministerial, for the gods will always interfere for personal gains and entertainment; thus mortals are never at the liberty to choose their own paths. I will defend this claim by analyzing…
nothing but a collection of organized chemicals that run physical brains in a deterministic machine-like way” (The Grand Design, 31; The Selfish Gene, 19). Both statements come from two of the greatest minds in science and entirely reject the idea of free will. Dawkins and Hawking, along with many other modern day scientists, assume humans do not make choices on their own capacity but rather choices that are predetermined by many different circumstances (Nichols). Most people tend to disagree…
Discussion regarding free will is inescapable in philosophy, as a correct characterization of free will is paramount in comprehending our place in the world, as well as how to navigate it. Spinoza and Descartes have both conjured up an interpretation of free will that is consistent with their own systems of metaphysics but drastically different from the conclusions of their counterparts. In this essay, I will summarize and contrast their views, and demonstrate how each of their analysis of free…
may have reasons for evil existing, the main reason being to allow humans to have free will. Before I present my…
concerns us and with a related kind of moral responsibility -- the freedom in question being voluntariness” (Honderich). Compatibilism is a medium between the two in that it does not justify determinism but takes the stance that neither determinism nor free will conflict with the other…
have a legitimate free will. Hard Determinism conveys the idea that we are fully determined, we do not have free will, and that no one is morally responsible for their actions. As stated by Hard Determinism, the activities of man are never free, but the received ideas which are planned to make others fulfill their desires ("Notes on Determinism and Indeterminism," n.d.). For a man to be free, he should not encounter any restrictions or obstacles. According to Holbach Men are not free agents in…
Before you can understand what Jean-Paul Sartre refers to as despair, anguish and abandonment, moreover condemned to be free, you should first understand the meaning of subjectivity. Furthermore, you need to understand that individual feelings (sadness, happiness, etc.) are not the objective in Sartre’s reason. Hence, you seem aware of the concept of existence precedes essence, however you abandon the notion of taking responsibilities of your choices by choosing ignorance; in turn, you…
predisposition of what each human is born to do. Humans, according to existentialist beliefs, are condemned to be free. With freedom comes consequences. Since humans are free to make their own decisions, we are each responsible for our own consequences. Letting others choose for us would be being in bad faith because that would be putting oneself in the position to have as much free will as an inanimate object. In the play No Exit, all three characters Joseph Garcin, Estelle Rigault, and Inez…
From the class I’ve learned that there are two kinds of evil, natural evil and moral evil. Natural evils are natural circumstances such as tornadoes, floods, and earthquakes. Moral evil results from human actions such as murder, theft and rape. The question that is risen if God is all good, then why does evil and suffering exist in the world? Just within the last few months, on the news there have been reports of tragic school shootings and natural disasters, and if God is all good why does…
you face this extremely bad suffering; such as cancer than the other sufferings you face throughout life will seem good rather than the evil you experienced previously. Swinburne seeks to take the weight off of God’s shoulders by saying we have the free will to experience evil in most cases such as moral evil cases. Supposedly you can only torture a person for so long, until they won’t be tortured anymore after spending that time experiencing it. We can think about the Holocaust when this idea…