Ztest #3 Chapter 10

Front 1

Gender is differentiated from sex in that gender pertains to:

Back 1

social status. It refers to the social differences between the sexes, specifically to the cultural concepts of masculinity and femininity. Gender roles refer to the behavior that are expected of men and women.

Front 2

Cross-cultural studies of gender differences show that gender roles vary

Back 2

in that men and women occupy roles in ways very unlike those typically found in the United States.
In Chambri women are the workers..fishing, weaving, planting,harvesting...with the babies with them...the men are incharge of producting arts and crafts and planning ceremonies. The women tolerate the men - but remain remote emotionally.

Front 3

Generally, in hunting and gathering societies both men and women learn to be

Back 3

assertive and independent and everyone must be responsible for finding food.

Front 4

As societies become more complex, the roles of men and women become more

Back 4

differentiated? Why do women have a lower status in modern society that men? Page. 263

Front 5

Structural functionalists theorize that the roles of husbands and wives are becoming

Back 5

parallel roles, where roles of husbands and wives are similar. The change has been gradual, but both husbands and wives are now likely to work outside th ehome, and both are increasingly shareing household dutues. Most functionalists believe that the family will benefit as equality increases between men and women.

Front 6

Structural functionalists believe that women will eventually develop roles similar to those of

Back 6

as industrial society develops, women should move into the work force and attain equality with men.

Front 7

Conflict theorists argue that men have long considered women

Back 7

protected property of men, so that men could accumulate wealth and have children to inherit it. Women were exploited by men for the work they did and for the children they bore and reared. In an industrial society conflict theorist believe that men will use their wealth and power to improve their own position and women will lage farther and farther behind.

Front 8

Conflict theorists believe that women are easily trapped in the ___________ labor market.

Back 8

secondary labor market? 267

Front 9

Women’s economic role in society is most important in _________________________ societies.

Back 9

horticultural

Front 10

Medieval women produced goods _________________________________________ for income.

Back 10

textiles and other goods traditionally produced by women in the home??? pg. 265

Front 11

In the Middle Ages women could ___________________________________________________
if they did not wish to marry.

Back 11

become traders and innkeepers and occasionally ran breweries and blacksmith shops. They often joined guilds which were a type of medieval trade union. Those who did not wish to marry could become BEGUINES, members of urban communes of seven or eight women who pursued such occupations as sewing, baking spinning, and weaving.

Front 12

At the beginning of the twentieth century ___________________ women married.

Back 12

the vast majority of women were married and worked in the home to meet the needs of their families.

Front 13

According to the United Nations: __________ account for about ___ percent of the world’s poor.

Back 13

women account for about 70% of the world's poor.

Front 14

One major reason women earn less than men is that wages in the ____________________ labor force, in which most working women are employed, are so low.

Back 14

secondary

Front 15

Supporters of wages based on comparable worth demand ____________________ for work requiring similar levels of skills, even if not identical.

Back 15

equal pay

Front 16

Trends in the labor market, in regards to gender, pay, and employment, show

Back 16

that globally women on average earn about 3/4 what men earn for the same work. ??? Page 267

Front 17

The percentage of women senior executives in Fortune 500 companies is ______ percent.

Back 17

5%

Front 18

When wives work and husbands are unemployed, who does the housework?

Back 18

the woman

Front 19

In Europe the women’s movement focused on ________________________________ for women.

Back 19

special privileges

Those involved in the movement believe that women have special problems because they assume most of the responsibility for child rearing and therefore need better pay when they work, time off for childbearing, and help from the community in providing child rearing.

Front 20

In the United States the women’s movement focused on ________________________ for women.

Back 20

emphasized equal rights

In an effort to unite all women behind the cause of equality, the movement has remained separate from any particular political party or union, for fear that such an alignment would divide women.

Front 21

No-fault divorce has resulted in women having a __________ standard of living following divorce.

Back 21

73% decrease in their

(a man can expect a 42% increase in his standard of living)

Front 22

Women remain in low-paying jobs partly because they

Back 22

have low self esteem pg. 271

Front 23

Women’s negative self-perceptions are often based on __________________ given to housewives.

Back 23

stereotypes ? pg 271

Front 24

In countries such as Mexico, where families accord high status to housewives, women’s level of stress

Back 24

is less as they receive more support for their role in the family.

Front 25

Medical care for women ______________________________________ with the reproductive process.

Back 25

is primarily involved with the reproducting process...
while women receive less care for the major diseases that kill people in the United State

Front 26

Sexual harassment is__________________________ to job security and promotion in all types of jobs.

Back 26

threat for women

Front 27

Family violence most likely continues because

Back 27

of true or perceived inequality in women. Women are unable to support themselves and their children and are therefore unwilling to leave home.

Front 28

List at least three statements about rape which the textbook says are true:

Back 28

1. Women often know their attacker (acquantance rape/date rape) 21% of female college students have reported being raped.
2. Rape is an act of aggression.
3.Pornography does influence rape.
4. 3 out 10,000 people have been raped.

Front 29

Violence between the sexes is likely to continue as long as there is ________________________ mutual respect between sexes.

Back 29

not

Front 30

Structural functionalists believe women in the work force will move into _______________________ positions in the bureaucracy.

Back 30

the upper echelons

Front 31

T F Men in all societies are more assertive than women.

Back 31

a

Front 32

T F Gender roles in a society are related to its structure.

Back 32

a

Front 33

T F Structural functionalists maintain that the gender roles assigned by a society are functional to
the society.

Back 33

a

Front 34

T F Conflict theorists hold that the gender roles assigned by a society are functional for both men and women.

Back 34

a

Front 35

T F Conflict theorists believe men need to control women so that they can be sure of the paternity of children.

Back 35

a

Front 36

T F The gap between the earnings of men and women has steadily narrowed for the past fifty years.

Back 36

a

Front 37

T F Women hold high-status occupations proportionate to their numbers in the work force about on a par with men.

Back 37

a

Front 38

T F Jobs in the secondary labor force are being moved to third world countries where women work
for low wages.

Back 38

a

Front 39

T F Because comparable worth is fair, it will be enacted soon.

Back 39

a

Front 40

T F Women who work when they have young children at home are less healthy than other women.

Back 40

a

Front 41

T F Swedish women receive one year of paid leave when they have a baby.

Back 41

a

Front 42

T F Stress among women who are housewives occurs more from lack of respect than from the
nature of their work.

Back 42

a

Front 43

T F The women’s movement has successfully made treatment fair for the victims of rape.

Back 43

a

Front 44

Essay:
Describe the position of women in American society in terms of income and occupation. Is the evidence convincing that women are not significantly improving their position in these two areas? Explain your answer.

Back 44

s

Front 45

Essay:
What are the social reasons for the fact that women are now represented in the labor force in greater
numbers than ever before? What changes have taken place in industrial society?

Back 45

s

Front 46

Essay:
Conflict theorists argue that the control of women benefits men, that women are valuable property. What benefits do men derive from controlling women?

Back 46

s

Front 47

Essay:
What are the detrimental social consequences of gender inequality? Which problems could be
eliminated by increasing the income of women? By increasing their status? Explain your answers.

Back 47

s

Front 48

Essay:
As women get more education, what do you predict will be their future position in society? Is your prediction true for all women or just some? Explain your answers.

Back 48

s