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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Farting, Foul smelling, Fatty diarrhea often seen in campers & hickers
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- Giardia Lamblia
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Only protozoa found in small intestine
(thus trophozoites/cysts in stool) |
- Giardia lambia
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Organism with Bloody diarrhea associated with RUQ pain
What do you see in the Liver? (describe) What do you see in the Colon? (occurs when?) |
- Entamoeba Histolytica
- Abscess (reddish, brown anchovy paste) - Flask-shaped Ulcer (if abscess of colon ruptures) |
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Diagnostically made with RBC's inside amoeba
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- Histolytica entamoeba
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Mild diarrhea in healthy people, but severe, life-threatening diarrhea in AIDS patients.
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- Cryptosporidium
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Diagnostically made with Cysts in ACID-FAST Stain
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Cryptosporidium
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Ring-enhancing lesion on CT/MRI indicative of Brain abscess in HIV patients.
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Toxoplasmosis gondii
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Toxoplasmosis gondii
- transmitted how? |
- Cysts in meat
- Cat shit inhalation |
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Protozoa can cross placenta
(so avoid in preggo) |
- Toxoplasma gondii
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Classic Triad for Congenital Toxoplasmosis
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- Choreoretinitis
- Hydrocephalus - Intracerebral calcifications |
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Acquired while swimming in freshwater lakes, causing meningoencephalitis with fatality in 1 week.
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Naegleria fowleri
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Diagnosed with Amoebas in CSF
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Naegleria fowleri
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Treatment for Giardia
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- Metronidazole
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Treatment for Entamoeba histolytica
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- Metronidazole
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Treatment for Cryptosporidium
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- No treatment
- Prevent by filtering water supplies of crypto- cysts |
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Treatment for Toxoplasmosis
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(ToXo-PlaSmosis)
Pyrimethamine + Sulfadiazine |
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Treatment for Naegleri Fowleri
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Amphotericin B might help maybe
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Recurring, cyclic fever due to immune evasion via Variable Surface Glycoprotein (antigenic variation)
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Trypansoma bruceii
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African Sleeping Sickness treatment
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Suramin (for blood borne Dz)
Melarsoprol (for CNS penetration) |
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Trypanosoma Dz caused by painFUL bite?
Trypanosoma Dz caused by painLESS bite? |
- African Sleeping Sickness
- Chagas Dz |
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Treatment for T. cruzi
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Nifurtimox
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Only protozoa that can replicate inside the Phagolysosomes of reticuloendothelial cells (macrophages)
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- Leishmania spp
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Replicates as AMASTIGOTES
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- Leishmania spp
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Kala-Azar
- what type of Dz? - organism? - Symptoms? x3 |
- Visceral Leishmaniasis
- Leishmania donavani - Spiking Fever - Hepatosplenomegaly - Pancytopenia |
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Leishmania treatment?
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(lei SS hmania)
- Sodium Stibogluconate |
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PLASMODIUM
- which one can be dormant as liver hypnozoites? |
- P. vivax
- P. ovale |
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PLASMODIUM
- malaria symptoms |
(CASH)
- Cyclic fever - Anemia - Splenomegaly - Headache |
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PLASMODIUM
- cyclic fever frequency for each species |
- P. falciparum (every 24 hours)
- P. malariae (every 48 hours) - P. vivax/ovale (every other day) |
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PLASMODIUM
- Treatment |
- Begin with Chloroquine
- If resistant, switch to Mefloquine - For dormant liver hypnozoites, give Primaquine |
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Fever & Hemolytic anemia in NE United States
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- Babesia
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Blood smear shows RBCs with NO Pigment, but with "maltese crosses"
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- Babesia
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BABESIA
- vector? - vector shared with? |
- Ixodes tick
- B. burgdofer (Lyme Dz) |
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BABESIA
- Treatment |
- Quinine
(maybe clindamycin) |
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Foul-smelling Frothy, Green vaginal discharge with itching and burning
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- Trichomonas vaginalis
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What causes Green, Foul-smelling, and Frothy (akaline pH) discharge VAGINITIS with itching and burning?
What causes Gray, Fish-smelling discharge VAGINOSIS without pain? Treatment for each? |
- Trichomonas Vaginalis
- Gardenella Vaginalis - Metronidazole for both |
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TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS
- causes vaginitis or vaginosis? - vaginal pH? - vaginal discharge character? - symptoms? |
- Vaginitis
- Alkaline - Green, Foul-smelling, Frothy - Burning & Itching |
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Vaginitis Treatment?
Vaginosis Treatment? |
- Metronidazole for both
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Spotted reddening of the vaginal mucosa with vaginal edema (causing frothy discharge)
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- Trichomonas vaginalis
(describing Strawberry mucosa) |
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NEMATODES
- aka? - list the GI nematodes |
- Roundworms
(EAT SANd) - Enterobius vermicularis - Ascaris lumbroides - Trichinella spiralis - Strongyloides stercoralis - Ancylostoma duodenale - Necator americanus |
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NEMATODES
- aka? - list the Tissue nematodes |
- Round worms
(TOLD Wushu) - Toxocara canis - Onchocerca volvulus - Loa Loa - Dracunculus medinensis - Wuchereria bancrofti |
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CESTODES
- aka? - list the Cestodes |
- Tapeworm
(Ces-TED the Tapeworm TED) - Taenia solium/saginata - Echinococcus granulosus - Diphylobothrium latum |
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TREMATODES
- aka? - list the Trematodes |
- Fluke worms
(SPC is a Trembling Fluke) - Schistosoma - Paragonimus westermani - Clonorchis sinensis |
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Perianal pruritis diagnosed with Scotch tape test.
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Enterobius vermicularis
(nematode roundworm) |
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Largest Eggs visible in feces and MCC of worm infections worldwide.
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Ascaris Lumbroides
(nematode roundworm) |
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Ascaris Lumbroides is associated with what conditions?
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- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis,
- Obstruction of GI - Liver abscess - Biliary granulomas |
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Associated with Periorbital edema & myalgia (if cysts in muscle)
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Trichinella spiralis
(nematode roundworm) |
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Larvae in soil penetrate skin causing N/V/D with anemia
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Strongyloides stercoralis
(nematode roundworm) |
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Larvae in soil penetrate skin of FEET causing Microcytic Anemia
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- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Necatur americanus (both are roundworm nematodes) |
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Ingested by drinking contaminated water causing skin inflammation/ulcerations
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- Dracunculus medinensis
(roundworm nematode) |
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Transmitted by the female Black fly causing hyperpigmented skin with black skin nodules, significant edema ("hanging groin") and "river blindness"
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- Onchocerca volvulus
(roundworm nematode) |
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Transmitted by Mango fly and causes skin edema, and can be seen swimming in conjunctiva
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- Loa Loa
(roundworm nematode) |
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Transmitted by female moquito causing elephantitis (via lymphatic blockage) post 9-12 months after bite
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- Wuchereria bancrofti
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Eating food contaminated by eggs can cause Visceral Larvae Migrans and Granulomas (which if found in retina will lead to blindness)
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- Toxocara cani
(tapeworm cestodes) |
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Ingestion of larvae in undercooked pork can cause cysticercosis or neurocysticercosis.
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- Taenia solium
(tapeworm cestodes) |
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Mass lesion in brain with "swiss cheese" appearance
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- Taenia solium
(neurocysticercosis) (tapeworm cestodes) |
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Larvae ingestion from freshwater fish causing B12 deficiency megaloblastic anemia with hypersegmented neutrophls
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- Diphylobothrium latum
(tapeworm cestodes) |
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Eggs in dog feces is ingested causing LIVER CYSTS, which if ruptured can cause ANAPHYLAXIS.
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- Echinococcus granulosum
(tapeworm cestodes) |
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Surgeons usually administer EtOH pre-op to kill daughter cysts before removal of cysts in liver.
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- Echinococcus granulosm
(tapeworm cestodes) |
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Ingestion of eggs in dog shit, with Sheep intermediate host, so can affect Sheep Farmers.
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- Echinococcus granulosum
(tapeworm cestodes) |
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Have snail hosts and can penetrate skin of humans causing Granulomas, Inflammation, and Fibrosis of the Liver & Spleen.
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- Schistosoma spp
(fluke trematodes) |
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Chronic infection can cause Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder (which causes hematuria)
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- Schistosomiasis haemotobium
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Worm infection acquired via skin penetration leading to PORTAL HTN.
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- Schistosomiasis mansoni
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Diagnostically made visualizing Spherical eggs with spiky terminal spine.
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- Schistosoma
(fluke trematodes) |
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Ingestion of undercooked CRAB meat, causing secondary BACTERIAL infection to lungs manifesting Hemoptysis
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- Paragonimus westermani
(fluke trematodes) |
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Ingestion of undercooked fish causing inflammation of biliary tract, thus PIGMENTED GALLSTONES
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- Clonorchis sinensis
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Associated with Cholangiocarcinoma
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- Clonorchis sinensis
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Which worms can penetrate skin?
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(SANdS)
- Strongyloides stercoralis - Ancylostoma duodenale - Necatur americanus - Schistosoma spp. |
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Parasite associated with:
- Brain cysts & Seizures |
- Taenia solium
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Parasite associated with:
- Liver cysts |
- Echinococcus granulosum
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Parasite associated with:
- Biliary Tract Dz |
- Clonorchis sinensis
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Parasite associated with:
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Bladder - Cholangiocarcinoma |
- Schistosoma haemotobium
- Clonorchis sinensis |
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Parasite associated with:
- Pigmented stones of GB |
- Clonorchis sinensis
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Parasite associated with:
- Hemoptysis - Hematuria |
- Paragonimus westermani
(crab meat) - Schistosoma Haematobium |
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Parasite associated with:
- Microcytic anemia - Macrocytic anemia |
- Ancylostoma duodenale
- Necator Americanus - Diphylobothrium latum |
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Parasite associated with:
- Perianal pruritis - Periorbital edema |
- Enterobius vermicularis
- Trichinella spiralis |
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List the GI nematodes
How do you treat them? |
Enterobius vermicularis
Ascaris lumbroides Trichinella spiralis Strongyloides stercoralis Ancylostoma duodenale Necatur americanus All are treated with Bendazoles (or pyrantel pamoate) |
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List the Tissue nematodes.
How do you treat them? |
Toxocara cani
Onchocerca volvulus Loa Loa Dracunculs medinensis Wuchereria bancrofit Treat all with DEC, except: - Dracunculus with Niridazole - Ochocerca with Ivermectin |
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List the Cestodes
How do you treat them? |
Taenia solium
- Praziquantal for Cystercicosis - Bendazoles for Neurocystercisosis Echinococcus Granulosum - Bendazoles Diphylobothrium latum - Praziquantal |
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List the Trematodes
How do you treat them? |
- Schistosomas
- Paragonimus westermani - Clonorchis sinensis - Tx all with Praziquantal |
