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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Grape varieties are member of what family?
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Ampelidaceae
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Amp
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What genus do grapes belong?
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Vitis
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V
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What is the primary species of winemaking grapes?
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Vitis Vinifera
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VV
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What percentage of wine is made from grapes belonging to V. Vinifera?
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99%
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You have five packs of cigarettes. You smoke one cigarette. How many are left?
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What is the American grape species that is used for winemaking?
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Vitis Labrusca
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VL
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Explain pollination.
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Anthers(testes) release pollen(sperm) is spread by the wind to flower stigma. Pollen moves to ovaries, combines w/ovules, produces seed. Seed encapsulated in flesh(grape)
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Mommy, where do babies come from?
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What is a hybrid?
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The "marriage" of two species. Ex: cross V. vinifera and V. labrusca.
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Name 4 American vine species common for hybridization.
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V. Labrusca, V. riparia, V. rupestris, V. berlandieri.
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V. l, V. r, V. r, V. b
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Name 1 Asiatic vine species common for hybridization.
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V. amurensis
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V. a
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Are hybrids allowed for the production of quality wine in the European Union?
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No
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What is the most important use of hybrids?
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Rootstock
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V. riparia is prized for what characteristics in hybrids?
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Low vigor and phylloxera tolerance.
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V. rupestris is prized for what characteristics in hybrids?
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Deep roots and phylloxera resistance.
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V. berlandieri is prized for what characteristics in hybrids?
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Tolerance of alkaline soils and phylloxera resistance.
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What is a crossing?
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The crossing of different varieties of the same species. Ex: Pinotage (Pinot Noir x Cinsault)
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What wine is a crossing of Sylvaner and Pinot Blanc?
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Morio-Muskat
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M-M
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What is the only way to propagate crossings?
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Cuttings
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Cu....
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Ruby Cabernet is a crossing of what two varieties?
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Cabernet Sauvignon X Carignan
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CS x C
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Why don't seeds produce wines with similar characteristics as the parent?
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Its genetic material is different.
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Why is a child different from its mother?
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What is propagating a species using cuttings generally called?
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Cloning.
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Star Wars: The ##### Wars
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What causes variation in clonal propagation?
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Mutation
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Teenage ###### Ninja Turtles
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Why is clonal selection important when dealing with ancient varieties, such as Pinot Noir?
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The large variety of P. Noir clones provide extremely different capabilities.
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Name two varieties that are mutations(clones) of P. Noir.
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Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris
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PB, PG
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What caused the wholesale destruction of European vineyards in the early 19th century?
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Phylloxera louse.
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What does Phylloxera do to a vine?
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Feeds on vine roots. Wounds caused by this allow bacteria and fungus to enter vine.
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Why are American vines resistant to phylloxera?
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They form a protective layer under the wound caused by the louse.
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Scab
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What is the most common practice to get around the phylloxera problem?
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Grafting
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What regions have avoided the phylloxera louse?
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Chile, South Australia, much of Argentina and Hungary.
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Pinochet, North of Tasmanian Sea, Don't Cry For Me, You eat when you are....
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What soil type does phylloxera not thrive in?
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Sandy
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Rhymes with candy.
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What are the two parts of a grafted vine?
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American rootstock, European scion
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What is head-grafting?
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Removing the head of an existing vine/graft in desired fruit. Should produce fruit next vintage rather than 3 years for new root.
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From where does chardonnay get its name?
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A village in the Maconnais
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Rhymes with a product of Hellman's fame.
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Name characteristics of cool climate chardonnay.
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Steely, light to medium body, high acidity, green apple notes
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Name characteristics of mid-climate chardonnay.
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Citrus flavors start to emerge, medium body.
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Name characteristics of chardonnay from hot regions.
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Melon and peach flavors emerge, exotic flavors such as banana, mango and fig. Can be full=-bodies, high in alcohol and low in acidity.
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Is Chardonnay considered an aromatic variety?
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No.
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What effect does malolactic fermentation generally have on Chardonnay?
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Softens the fruit and acidity, gives flavors of butter and hazelnut.
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What effect does oak aging generally have on Chardonnay?
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Gives tannin, richness, toasty and nutty flavors to the wine.
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Name 5 classic Chardonnay regions.
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Burgundy, Champagne, California, Australia and New Zealand.
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What are general characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc grown in cool climates?
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Green, herbaceous flavors; gooseberries, green pepper, grass, passionfruit and elderflower.
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What are the characteristics of Sauvignon Blanc in warmer regions?
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Generally lack character but develop peach flavors.
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What is Fume Blanc?
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Sauvignon Blanc, usually with some oak aging.
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What are the aromas of aged Sauvignon Blanc?
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Asparagus, peas.
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What are the classic Sauvignon Blanc regions?
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Sancerre, Pouilly-Fume and Marlborough.
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What are the characteristics of Riesling from cool climates?
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Fresh grape and apple, high natural acidity, some sugar.
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What are the characteristics of Riesling from warm climates?
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Citrus, peach, lime (Australia)
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Does Riesling benefit from oak?
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No, except for botrytis-affected dessert wines from this variety.
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Does Riesling age well?
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Yes, due to its high acidity.
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What characteristics are typical to aged Riesling?
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Honey, smoke, petrol.
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What are the classic regions for Riesling?
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Mosel, Nahe, Rheingau, Pfalz in Germany; Wachau in Austria; Alsace in France; Clare and Eden Valley in Australia; Marlborough and Nelson in NZ.
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What is Hunter Valley Rieling?
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Semillon
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What is Cape Riesling?
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Crouchen Blanc
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What are the three synonyms of Welschriesling?
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Welsch Riesling (Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria), Laski Riesling (Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia), Olasz Riesling (Hungary)
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What does Welsch Riesling do best?
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Crisp refreshing dry white or botrytis-affected dessert wines.
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What is Pinot Gris known as in Italy?
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Pinot Grigio.
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What are the characteristics of non-Italian Pinot Gris?
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Almost oily, high alcohol, low acidity; can be rich, aromatic with melon, banana, mango and botrytis.
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What are the characteristics of Pinot Grigio?
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High acidity, little fruit. Light, neutral
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What is Pinot Gris known as in Germany?
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Rulander, Grauburgunder.
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What are the characteristics of good Viognier?
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Soft, full-bodied texture with aromatic fruit.
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Why is Viognier considered a difficult grape?
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It builds sugar levels rapidly before its aromatic characteristics develop (peach, pear, violet) leading to unbalanced alcoholic wines.
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Classic Viognier is produced where?
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Condrieu and Chateau Grillet in the northern Rhone.
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What characteristic binds the Muscat family of grapes together?
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An intense grapey flavor
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What is the most famous Muscat?
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Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains.
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Name 4 wines made with Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains.
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Asti, some Vins Doux Naturels, Muscats of Samos, Rutherglen Muscats.
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Describe the characteristics of unaged Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains.
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Grape, peach, rose and citrus.
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What are the characteristics of oak-aged Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains?
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Dark color, raisins, fruit cake, toffee, coffee.
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What wines are made with Muscat of Alexandria?
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Some Vin Doux Naturels, Spanish Moscatels.
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What differentiates Muscat of Alexandria from Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains?
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Less aromatically complex; smell simply of grapes.
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Characterize wines made with Muscat Ottonel.
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Perfumed dry whites from Alsace and Central Europe.
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When should unoaked/non-fortified Muscats be consumed?
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While they are young, fruity and fresh.
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What is Steen?
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Chenin Blanc from South Africa.
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What are the classic Loire sweet Chenin Blanc growing regions?
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Bonnezeaux and Quarts de Chaume
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What is the primary difficulty growing Chenin Blanc?
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It ripens unevenly.
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What are the primary characteristics of Chenin Blanc?
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High acidity, vegetal notes, green apple.
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Does Chenin Blanc age well?
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Generally, yes.
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Think Riesling
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What are the classic Chenin Blanc growing regions?
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The Loire, particularly Vouvray, Savennieres and Coteaux du Layon.
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What grape variety is the classic of the Medoc in Bordeaux?
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Cabernet Sauvignon.
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Is Cabernet Sauvignon thick-skinned or thin?
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Thick
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What is the classic flavor of Cabernet Sauvignon?
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Blackcurrants. In warmer climates, black cherry, black olive, fruit.
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Give general characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon.
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High acidity, tannic, full-bodied.
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What two regions of Bordeaux plant greater percentages of Merlot?
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St. Emilion and Pomerol
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Describe "International Style" Merlot.
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Late-harvested, dark purple, blackberry, plum, soft velvety tannins, high alcohol, concentrated fruit.
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Describe traditional Bordeaux Merlot.
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Harvested early, lighter body and alcohol, higher acidity, red fruit character (raspberry, strawberry), possibly vegetal leafy aromas.
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What is the classic region for Syrah (Shiraz)?
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The Rhone Valley.
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What are the primary characteristics of Old World Syrah?
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Blackberry, very high acidity and tannin, black pepper, mint.
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Describe hot climate shiraz.
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Full-bodied, soft tannins, spice notes, licorice and anise.
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What is the most widely planted red grape in Spain?
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Grenache/Garnacha.
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What is the primary grape of Navarra?
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Grenache/Garnacha
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Where is Granache grown, primarily, in France?
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Southern Rhone and the Midi.
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Describe the flavor of classic Grenache
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Red fruit like raspberry and strawberry, hints of white pepper; when aged, leather, tar and toffee.
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Where was Pinot Noir originally planted?
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Burgundy.
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Describe the qualities of good young Pinot Noir.
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Fruity perfume of raspberries, strawberries, cherries, soft tannins, light color
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Describe the qualities of aged Pinot Noir.
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Vegetal, farmyard aromas.
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Name 7 classic Pinot Noir regions outside of Burgundy.
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Carneros/Sonoma, CA; Walker Bay, SA; Yarra Valley, Australia; Martinbourough/Marlborough/Central Otago, NZ
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Name 3 classic wines made with Sangiovese.
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Chianti, Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.
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Is Sangiovese an aromatic grape variety?
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No
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Describe the typical characteristics of a Sangiovese wine.
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High acidity, sour red cherry, astringent tannins, earthy dusty aromas,
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What is considered Spain's leading quality red grape?
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Tempranillo.
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Name 3 Spanish synonyms for Tempranillo.
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Ull de Llebre, Cencibel, Tinto del Pais.
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Name 2 Portugese synonyms for Tempranillo.
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Tinta Roriz, Aragonez.
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What soil is best for Tempranillo?
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Chalky
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Describe the typical characteristics of a Tempranillo wine.
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Light tannins, nose of leather, taste of ripe strawberries.
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What is the most famous region for Tempranillo?
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Rioja.
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