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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which religion is concentrated in Europe and the Middle East?
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Judaism
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Which religion dominates parts of Asia, northern Africa and the Middle East?
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Islam
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4 Beliefs of Martin Luther
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salvation by faith alone
Bible is the ultimate authority All humans are equal before God Indulgences should not be sold |
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What is the dominant religion of India?
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Hindu
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Where is Buddhism predominant?
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East and Southeast Asia
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This action began the Protestant reformation
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Luther's Posting of the 95 Theses
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Taught predestination, righteous life, work ethic in Geneva
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John Calvin
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Causes of the Protestant Reformation
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selling indulgences and Church corruption
German and English nobility hated the power of the Church (their "money" going to Rome) Church prohibited usury angering merchants |
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Reasons for the formation of the Anglican Church
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King Henry VIII wanted a divorce but the Catholic Church refused
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Church of England
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Anglican
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Royal family of Austria and the Holy Roman Empire
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Hapsburg
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War of religion, which turned political, and was fought in Europe
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Thirty Years' War
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French Cardinal who increased the power of the monarchy and entered the Thirty Years' War
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Richelieu
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Huguenots
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French protestants/Calvinists
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Granted Huguenots freedom of worship
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Edict of Nantes
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Organization founded to spread Catholic doctrine
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Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
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Catholic Church mounted a series of reforms and reasserted its authority
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Catholic (Counter) Reformation
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Developed the European printing press
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Gutenberg
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3 results of the Reformation
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secularism
individualism religious tolerance capitalism |
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Portuguese explorer who sailed around Africa to India
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Vasco da Gama
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Prince who developed a school to teach new navigational techniques
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Henry the Navigator
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Motives for Exploration
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Gold, spices, natural resources
political and economic competition improved navigational arts (astrolabe, caravels, etc.) |
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conquistador/conqueror of Mexico and the Aztecs
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Hernando Cortez
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ships were the first to circumnavigate the world
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Ferdinand Magellan
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English sailor, pirate who sailed along America's coast
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Francis Drake
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French explorer who sailed to Quebec
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Jacques Cartier
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Conquistador who defeated Incan civilization
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Francisco Pizarro
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Impact of Exploration on the Americas
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influenced by Catholic and Protestant religions
killing of native populations destruction of native economies rigid class system in Latin America |
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These agricultural estates led to an increase in slavery and destroyed native economies
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plantations
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Exchange between Eastern and Western hemispheres because of the discovery of the Americas
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Columbian Exchange
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Products introduced to the Americas as a result of the Columbian Exchange
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horses, cattle, diseases (smallpox)
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Products introduced to Europe as a result of the Columbian Exchange
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corn, potatoes, tobacco
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trade between Africa, Americas, and Europe
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Triangle of Trade
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Mercantilism
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economic sytem adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self-sufficiet based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of the mother country
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Copernicus
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developed the heliocentric theory
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discovered planetary motion
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Johannes Kepler
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Galileo
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used telescope to support heliocentricism
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discovered the laws of gravity
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Isaac Newton
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William Harvey
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disovered circulation of blood
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Characteristics include centralization of power and rule by divine right
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Absolute monarchs
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Divine right
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belief that kings were chosen by God to rule on his behalf
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Sun king, built Versailles palace, supreme example of absolutism
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Louis XIV
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Prussian monarch who emphasized military power
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Frederick the Great
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Russian tsar who attempted to expand and westernize Russia
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Peter the Great
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leader of the Puritan Revolution
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Oliver Cromwell
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Magna Carta
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limited the power of the English monarch over taxes; signed by King John
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name for when William and Mary came to England's throne
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Glorious Revolution
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Writer of Leviathan who believe that state must have central authority to manage behavior
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Thomas Hobbes
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wrote Two Treatises on Government stating that people are sovereign and that monarchs are not chosen by god; supported the Glorious Revolution
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John Locke
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wrote the Spirit of Laws which stated that governments should separate their powers (executive, judicial, legislative)
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Montesquieu
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wrote the Social Contract which stated that government is a contract between a ruler and the people
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
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philosophe who said that religous toleration should triumph over religious fanaticism; separation of Church and state
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Voltaire
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era of applying reaons to the human and natural world which helped fuel democratic revolutions
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Enlightenment
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Influence of the Enlightenment
Influence of the Amer. Revolution abuses of the Old Regime Bankrupt royal treasury |
Causes of the French Revolution
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Period in which the Committee of Public Safety ruled France and killed all possible opposition (internal enemies)
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Reign of Terror
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event that marked the symbollic beginning of the French Revolution
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Storming of the Bastille
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2 Outcomes of the French Revolution
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end of absolute monarchy
Rise of Napoleon |
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led successful slave revolt in Haiti against the French
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
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led many South American countries to independence; the great liberator
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Simon Bolivar
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name for the laws of Napoleon which greatly influenced future laws of Europe
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Napoleonic Code
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What happened to Europe as a result of Napoleon?
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increased nationalism
Congress of Vienna |
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led by Klemens von Metternich it established a balance of power and restored the monarchies of Europe. It also redrew Europe's map
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Congress of Vienna
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legitimacy
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restoration of monarchs following Napoleon
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two competing philosophies following Napoleon
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liberalism
conservatism |
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lead the Red Shirts; use of military helped unify norhtern and southern Italy
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Giuseppe Garibaldi
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area controlled by the pope that was the last portion of Italy to be unified
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Papal States
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unified northern Italy and desired to build up Italy's industries
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Count Camillo Cavour
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Led Prussian unification movement; accomplished through warfare and nationalism
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Otto von Bismarck
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the ends (achieving and holding power) justify the means;Bismarck's policies, for example
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Realpolitik
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war between France and Germany that led to German unification
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Franco-Prussian War
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