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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Otto Von Bismark
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- Prussian chancellor
- Used war to unify Germany - Wanted to isolate FR because he was scared that they wanted revenge for the Franco Prussian War -Forms Dual Alliance (w/ GER and A-H) -Then Triple Alliance (IT joins) |
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Triple Alliance
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-Formed by Bismark
-Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy |
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Kaiser Wilhem II
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-Ruler of Germany
-Forced Bismark to resign; didn’t like sharing power -Lapse Russian treaty (Reinsurance Treaty); Russian joins FR -Starts shipbuilding program to compete with BT; BT joins FR -Cousin of George V (BT) and Nicholas II (RUS) -Thought a great deal of himself |
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Triple Entente
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France, Britain, Russia
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Balkan problems
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- “powder keg”
- Has history of uprisings and ethnic clashes |
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Slavs
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- Ethnic group with large pop. in Serbia, Russia, Bosnia, Herzegovina
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Serbia
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- lots of Slavs
- wanted Slavs to unite in the Balkans - Russia support because they had lots of Slavs too - Austria did not because they feared rebellion in its own Slavic pop. |
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Sarajevo, Bosnia
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-Capital
-Archduke Franz Ferdinand & wife, Sophie were assassinated there |
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Militarism
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- glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for war
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Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
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- Heir to A-H throne
- Wife : Sophie - Visited Sarajevo, Bosnia – killed by Gavrilo Princip (June 28, 1914) |
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Gavrilo Princip
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- Serbian (19)
- Member of Black Hand (secret society for ridding Bosnia of Austrian rule) - Killed Franz Ferdinand (heir to A-H throne) |
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After Gavrilo Princip killed Ferdinand.......
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- Because Princip was from Serbia, Austria uses this as an excuse to punish them
- AUS gives SER an ultimatum - SER attempts to negotiate, AUS refuses and declares war - Russia, friends with SER, sends troops to AUS and GER border - GER declares war on FR - BT declares war on GER |
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Schlieffen Plan
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-Alfred Graf von Schlieffen
-Attack and defeat FR, then rush to fight Russia -Speed was vital -Seemed to work, but failed with First Battle of the Marne |
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Central Powers
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Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
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Allied Powers
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Britain, France, Russia, Japan, Italy
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Western Front war
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- France-German border
- deadlocked - the First Battle of Marne happened here - trench warfare - Battle of Verdun - Battle of Somme |
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Eastern Front War
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- German - Russian borders
- Battle of Tannenberg |
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The First Battle of Marne
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- the very first battle, important
- destroyed the Schlieffen Plan |
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Stalemate
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a deadlock
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Trench Warfare
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Soldiers fights each other from parallel trenches.
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New weapons
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- poison gas (GER)
- machine gun - tank (BT) -submarine (GER) |
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Battle of Tannenberg
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- Germans counterattack Russia's initial attack
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Gallipoli Campaign
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-Allies attack Constantinople (Ottoman capital)
- stalemate - allies give up |
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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
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German policy of which their submarines could sink any ship around BT without warning (1917)
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Sinking of Lusitania
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-Germans hit BT passenger boat, Lusitania (1915)
- many dead, including USers - US mad -Germans agree to not attack neutral and passenger ships |
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Zimmermann telegram
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- Artherus Zimmermann (GER) to Mexico
-Would help MExico "reconquer" US if they allied with Germany -last straw for US |
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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
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- Ended war between Germany and Russia
- Proposed by Lenin |
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the Second Battle of Marne
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- Russia out, Germany has free soldiers to send to West
- But Russia tired, US has new troops |
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Battle of Amiens
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•November 27, 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in a Prussian victory
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Armistice
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an agreement to stop fighting
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Woodrow Wilson & 14 Points
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- Prez of US
- A Big Four in the Paris Peace Conference - Created 14 points - 1-4: secret tresties, freedom of the seas, free trade, reduce military - 5: fairness to colonies - 6-13: changing borders, new nations -14: general association of nations |
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Self determination
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-the guiding idea behind 14 points
- allowed people to decide for themselves their govt. |
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Conflicts at Paris Peace Conference
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-FR and BT wanted to punish GER
- Treaty of Versailles created -> "war guilt" clause - Japan and Italy wanted more land - |
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Treaty of Versailles
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-Compromise between US, FR, BT
Signed on Franz Ferdinand's assassination anniversary |
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Mandate
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Territories administered by the League of Nations and governed by the Allies until ready for independence
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War Guilt Clause
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-Germany responsible for war
-pay reparations to Allies |
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Reparations
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making amends/paying money for damages from war
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League of Nations
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International association to keep peace amongst nations
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War Effects
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-New tech left more damage
-High casualties - $$$$ -destroyed land |