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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Why do many sources of water need treatment? |
Many sources of water are not directly suitable for drinking purposes because of pollution and contamination by humans and nature. |
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Why is there a need for water treatment operators? |
Water treatment plant personnel operate, maintain, repair, and manage water treatment plants. |
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Why must water treatment plant operators be responsible persons? |
They are responsible for the drinking water of the community and any time they fail to do their job properly, they could be responsible for an outbreak of water borne disease. |
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What is the purpose of a water treatment plant? |
To produce safe and pleasant drinking water, free of disease-causing organisms, toxic substances, and disagreeable tastes, odors, and appearances. |
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Why do intake structures at water treatment plants have screens? |
To draw in water while preventing leaves and other debris from clogging or damaging pumps, pipes, and other pieces of equipment in the treatment plant. |
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How is the the sludge disposed of after it is removed from a sedimentation basin? |
It is discharged to a sewer our disposed of in a landfill after being dried in drying beds. |
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Why is excessive hardness removed from drinking water? |
1) Extra soap is needed to clean or wash with hard water. 2) Hard water will cause scale to develop in pipes, water heaters, and fittings. |
There are 2 reasons. |
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Why should a water treatment plant operator be present when a new plant is being constructed? |
To be completely familiar with the entire plant layout, including the piping, equipment, and machinery and their intended operation. |
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What is the reason for keeping adequate, reliable records? |
1) To properly document the effectiveness of your operation. 2) Adequate records are required by regulatory agencies for compliance with the Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the Safe Drinking Water Act. 3) Reference to past records can be helpful in adjusting treatment processes for various changes in raw water. |
There are 3 reasons. |
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Why are well-guided tours for officials of regulatory agencies or other operators important? |
1)It may provide these people with sufficient understanding of your plant to allow them to suggest helpful solutions to operational problems. 2) It may gain support from city council and the public to obtain the funds necessary to run a good operation. |
There are 2 reasons. |
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What can cause infiltration? |
Frequently occurs due to defective or cracked pipes, pipe joints, connections or manhole walls. |
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Why has it become necessary to conserve and properly budget our water resources? |
Because of drought conditions. |
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How are water shortages and energy consumption linked together? |
As groundwater levels fall, more energy is required to pump water from deeper levels in the basin. |
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Name three ways groundwater may become contaminated. |
Intrusion of seawater, seepage from septic tank leaching systems and agricultural drainage systems, the improper disposal of hazardous wastes in landfills and dumps, and the entry of surface runoff into poorly constructed wells. |
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What is the hydrologic (water) cycle? |
Water evaporates from the ocean; this water vapor rises and condenses into clouds; when the clouds become chilled, water vapor congeals into droplets, which precipitates. Eventually, all the water returns to the ocean. |
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What are the three basic types of water rights? |
Riparian, prescriptive, and appropriative. |
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What are the general water quality characteristics of surface water supplies? |
Soft water, Turbidity, suspended solids, some color, and microbial contamination. |
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What are the general water quality characteristics of groundwater supplies? |
Higher concentration of dissolved solids, dissolved gases, lower levels of color, relatively high hardness, and freedom from microbial contamination. |
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What should be considered before selecting a location and constructing a water supply intake located in a river or steam? |
A study of the stream bottom, its degree of scour, and the settling out of silt; make sure it can withstand the forces that will act upon it during times of flood, heavy silting, ice conditions and adverse runoff conditions. Purification effectiveness. |
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What water treatment processes are considered essential to reliably treat physically and bacteriologically contaminated surface waters for domestic use? |
Filtration and disinfection. |
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How can provisions be made to allow recreation on water supply lakes and reservoirs without endangering water quality? |
Proper construction and location of recreation facilities. |
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What causes the flow of groundwater within an aquifer? |
Groundwater flows within an aquifer because of the pressure differences between the areas of recharge and discharge. |
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How can the safe yield of an aquifer be exceeded? |
If wells extract water from an aquifer over a period of time at a rate such that the aquifer will become depleted or bring about other undesired results, such as seawater intrusion and land subsidence. |
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List some possible uses for reclaimed wastewater. |
1) Crop irrigation, 2) greenbelt irrigation, 3) golf course irrigation, 4) landscape irrigation, 5) industrial reuse, 6) groundwater recharge (possibly), 7) landscape impoundments, and 8) wetlands/marsh enhancement. |
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How much treatment should reclaimed water receive before use? |
It should receive treatment that is appropriate for the intended use of the water. |
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What is the purpose of a sanitary survey? |
To detect all health hazards and to evaluate their present and future importance. |
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How frequently should a sanitary survey be conducted for an existing water supply? |
Frequently enough to control all health hazards and to maintain good, sanitary water quality. |
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When conducting a sanitary survey, what protective measures should be investigated regarding use of the watershed? |
Include: control of sources of waste discharges, fishing, boating, airfields, swimming, wading, ice cutting, and permitting animals in shoreline areas. |
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List the common physical characteristics of water. |
Turbidity, color, temperature, tastes, odors. |
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What causes Turbidity in water? |
The presence of suspended material, such as clay, silt, finely divided organic material, plankton, and other inorganic material. |
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Chemical analysis of a domestic water supply measures what three general types of chemical concentrations? |
Organic chemicals, inorganic chemicals, the general mineral constituents. |
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Why are coliform bacteria used to measure the bacteriological quality of water? |
Because the test indicates fecal contamination, whereas specific disease-producing organisms are not easily isolated and identified. |
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Why must upper limit concentrations of radioactive materials in drinking water be established? |
The development and use of atomic energy and the mining of radioactive materials have made it necessary to establish upper limit concentrations of radioactive materials in drinking water. |
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How many gallons are in a cubic foot? |
7.48 |
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