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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What causes a build up of waste products in the blood? |
Cell metabolism |
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Excretion |
Getting rid of waste products from the body.Waste products are produced by metabolism and removed by organs. |
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ADH |
This decreases the amount of urine produced.The hypothalamus dictates how much is released and the pituitary gland produces it. |
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Too much water in the system |
The hypothalamus detects too much water and so the pituitary gland produces less ADH. The kidneys reduce blood water level so more water reaches the bladder.Blood water level returns to normal. |
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Not enough water in the system |
The hypothalamus detects low blood water levels and the pituitary gland produces more ADH. Kidneys maintain blood water levels so lest water is sent to the bladder. Blood water levels return to normal. |
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Negative feedback |
A change in the environment triggers a response to counteract that change. |
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How is ADH negative feedback |
The ADH is produced when the blood water level changes to return it to normal. |
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Roles of the kidneys |
1)Remove urea from the blood 2)Adjust blood ion levels 3)Adjust blood waterlevels |
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Urea |
Waste produced in the liver from the break down of excess amino acids. It's toxic. |
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Ultrafiltration |
Blood enters the glomerulus at high pressure which forces water,urea,ions and glucose through the capillary walls and into the Bowmans capsule. Protein and blood cells can be forced out as they're too big. |
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Reabsorption |
All glucose is selectively reabsorbed back into the blood against the concentration gradient. The amount of water reabsorbed depends on ADH levels. If there is more ADH, the tubes become more leaky so more water can be put back into the blood and vice versa. |
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Waste excretion |
Urea and excess water aren't reabsorbed so they continue out of the nephron into the ureter and then to the bladder as urine.The urine is then released through the urethra. |
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Liver |
Where excess amino acids are broken down to form urea and it is put into the blood. |
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Renal artery |
Takes blood containing urea and other waste in solution to the kidneys. |
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Kidney |
Filters blood and removes waste |
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Renal vein |
Takes blood awy from the kidneys after waste has been removed |
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Ureter |
Tube which transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
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Bladder |
Collects urine |
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Urethra |
Releases the urine |
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Structure of the nephron |
Glomerulus Bowmans capsule Convoluted tubes Loop of Henle Collecting duct |
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Glomurulus |
Blood enters at high pressure and is filtered |
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Bowmans Capsule |
Collects the filtrate which includes water, glucose, salts and urea. |
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Convuluted tubes |
Reabsorption of glucose occurs here. |
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Loop of Henle |
Salts are filtered out here. |
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Collecting duct |
Collects urine which is then passes through the ureter to the bladder. |
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Positives of a dialysis machine |
It keeps the patient alive until a donor organ an be found. Cleans blood and removes waste. Flexible-you can do it at any time during the day. |
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Negatives of a dialysis machine |
It's only temporary Expensive Blood must be connected for several hours a week. A strict diet must be followed. |
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Positives of a kidney transplant |
Saves a life Permanent solution Can live relatively normally afterwards Don't have to spend hours cleaning blood daily. |
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Negatives of a kidney transplant |
Donor shortage Chance of rejection-need to use drugs to prevent this. Surgery risk Precise match needed |