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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organization, classification and Naming of living things
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Taxonomy
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The science of common ancestors
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Phylogenetics
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What is the order of organization of life?
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Domain>Kingdom>Phylum/Division>Class>Order>Family>Genus>Species
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What are the 3 domains?
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Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukaryota
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Single celled organisms with No Nucleus and live in places with extreme environments
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Archaea
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Unicellular organisms with no nucleus. Can be beneficial, pathogenic or infectious
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Bacteria
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Organisms with a "true nucleus" and organelles, who's cells are organized into complex structures enclosed within membranes.
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Eukaryota
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Kingdoms of interest in the Domain Eukaryota
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Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Plantae
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The study of parasites
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Parasitology
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Unlike organisms that live together.
Can be beneficial or harmful |
Symbiosis
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Biological interaction between individuals of two different species, where both individuals derive a fitness benefit
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Mutualism
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A symbiotic relationship where the parasite benefits, but the host is harmed
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Parasitism
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A parasite that lives on the skin, but is not within the body.
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Ectoparasite
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Parasite that eventually kills the host
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Parasitoid
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Parasites that live inside the body
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Endoparasites
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Phylum of Flat Worms
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Platyhelminthes
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worms that have no respiratory or circulatory systems present
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Platyhelminthes
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Classes of Platyhelminthes
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Trematodes and Cestodes
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Flukes
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Trematoda
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Tape Worms
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Cestodes
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Long, extremely dorso-ventrally flattened, hermaphroditic parasites.
Do not have intestines, use diffusion to absorb nutrients. Commonly assoc. with fleas |
Tape Worms
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Three regions of the body of adult tapeworm
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Scolex, Neck and Strobilia
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The "head" and attachment organ of the parasite
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The Scolex
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The area of proliferation of the parasite, from which the proglottids (sex organs) of the strobila grow
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Neck
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a series of proglottids each containing a complete set of male and female reproductive organs
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Strobila
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Dipylidium caninum
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Common dog tapeworm
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Platyhelminthes commonly spread via injestion of infected fleas.
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Dipylidium caninum OR common dog tapeworm
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Rat Tapeworm
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Taenia Taeniaeformis
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Parasite typically diagnosed when owner observes segments near the anus or on feces.
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Tapeworm
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Phylum of Round worms
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Nematoda
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Non-segmented round worms with complete digestive tract with oral and anal openings.
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Nematoda
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Is the class Ascaridida from the Phylum Nematoda, Platyhelminthes or Arthropoda?
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Ascaridida are from the Phylum Nematoda
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Which of the following is not from the Class Ascaridida:
Toxocara canis Toxocara cati Uncinaria stenocephala Toxascaris leonina |
Uncinaria stenocephala
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The larvae of these parasites migrate from the intestines to the liver, where they develop into 3rd stage larvae and then move on to the heart and carried to the lungs and the rest of the respiratory tract. Often coughed up and swallowed and begin the cycle over again.
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Ascarids
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Dog Roundworm
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Toxocara Canis
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This parasite causes abdominal distension, intermittent diarrhea, dull coat, and occasional vomiting and is one of the most common canine parasites.
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Toxocara Canis
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Cat Roundworm
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Toxocara cati
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Intestinal infection with roundworms that is usually asymptomatic and transmitted via ingestion of egg, paratenic host, larvae or passed in the milk of queen.
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Toxocara cati
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Common name for Ancylostoma genus:
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Hookworms
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Which is not a hookworm:
Ancylostoma caninum Ancylostoma spp., Ancylostoma braziliense, Trichuris Vulpis Uncinaria stenocephala |
Trichuris Vulpis (Whipworm)
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These parasites use sharp teeth to attach themselves to the mucosal lining of the intestines and feast on the blood and cells lining the guts.
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Hookworms or Ancylostoma Genus
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Females can produce up to 20, 000 eggs/day
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Ancystoma spp. or Hookworms
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Eggs wait for host in soil. Larvae penetrate unbroken skin and migrate into the capillary>vessel>heart>lungs then is coughed up and swallowed into intestines. They then attach to the lining of the sm. intestines to feed.
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Ancystoma spp. or Hookworms
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Eggs appear in either 4 cell or 8 cell phase of development. Egg wall is thin, transparent and smooth. The egg shape is oval.
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Ancystoma spp. or Hookworm
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Trichuris vulpis
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Whipworms
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Attach to the lining of the guts and obtain nutrition from the host's tissues. There is no lung migration. Require an embryonation period in the soil which may last from 2 wks to several months. Require a warm, moist environment.
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Trichuris vulpis
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The eggs are oval in shape and contain 2 operculums
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Trichuris vulpis
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A hatch where turgor pressure releases the larva when mature
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Operculum
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Phylum of hexapods with jointed legs
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Arthropoda
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Strongyloides stercoralis
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threadworms
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Dirofilaria immitis
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Heartworm
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Parasite transmitted via mosquitoes, most commonly seen in dogs.
Only transmitted via mosquitoes, not trans-mammary |
Dirofilaria immitis
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Adult worms reside in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery of the dog while unsheathed microfilariae circulate in the blood
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Dirofilaria immitis
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Medications for this parasite also prevent roundworm, hookworm and whipworm
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preventative medication for Dirofilaria immitis
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Kingdom in which we find Giardia spp, Coccidia spp., and Toxoplasmosis
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Protista
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Protozoan gut parasite that attaches itself to the lumen of the sm. intestines for nutrition. Commonly found in stagnant water. Their life cycle involves oocysts, not eggs. (no sexual reproduction, undergo mitosis)
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Giardia spp.
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This parasite sabotages the body's absorption of fats and carbohydrates. Symptoms can include: Diarrhea greasy in appearance, Sulfuric smelling gas, mild fever. Symptoms can last 5-7 days then stop and recur in 2 wks
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Giardia spp.
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What is the diagnostic test used for Giardia?
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Direct (fecal) Smear,
ELISA Test or Fancy Smancy Microscopy |
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Isospora spp.
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Coccidia
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Commonly associated with drinking contaminated water. Lives in epithelial cells of the intestines. Birds are often involved in the life cycle of this organism.
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Isospora spp.
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Why is it common for animals to have both Coccidia and Giardia?
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They are both waterborne parasites
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Considered to be the third leading cause of death attributed to foodborne illness in the U.S.
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Toxoplasmosis
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An arthropod that invades the hair follicle. Part of the "normal flora" of the skin.
Infections occur in dogs with compromised immune systems. |
Demodex canis
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Cause of Demodectic mange
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Demodex canis
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Cause of Sarcoptic Mange
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Sarcoptes scabei
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Presents in animals with itchy skin and hair loss. Is contagious to other animals and people. It is NOT part of the normal skin flora.
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Sarcoptes scabei
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Dancing Dandruff
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Cheyletiella
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Ear Mites
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Otodectes cynotis
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Is this Biting Lice or Sucking Lice:
http://www.icb.usp.br/~marcelcp/Imagens/u11.jpg |
Biting Lice
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Is this Biting Lice or Sucking Lice:
http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/louse2.jpg |
Sucking Lice
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Cuterebra
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Bot Flies
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Ixodes scapularis
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American Deer Tick
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Which tick carries Lyme Disease?
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Ixodes scapularis or American Deer Tick
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Dermacentor variabilis
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American Dog Tick
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Which tick carries Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Dermacentor variabilis or American Dog Tick
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Gross characteristics of Feces
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Consistency, color and presence of blood, mucus, or adult parasites
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What does a fecal float usually test for?
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Parasite eggs
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How much feces should be used for a fecal float?
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1 gram or more
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How long should the slide cover be left on top of the meniscus?
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10 min.
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What are Direct Smears used to detect?
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Protozoans in the feces
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How is a direct smear test performed?
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A small drop of saline is place on a microscope slide. An equally small piece of feces is added to the saline and mixed together. Add stain, place cover slip on top. Evaluate using either blue lens or O.I.L.
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How long should the centrifuge tube stay in the centrifuge?
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5-10 min. at 1200-1500 rpm
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