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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Topographical Categories of Language
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1. Phonemes - individual speech sounds that comprise a word.
2. Morphemes - units with an individual piece of meaning 3. Lexicon - the total collection of words that make up a given language. 4. Syntax - the organization of words, phrases, or clauses in sentences. 5. Grammar - the adherence to established conventions of a given language. 6.Semantics - what words mean. |
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Verbal Bahavior
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A behavior that is reinforced through mediation of another person's behavior.
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Speakers
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Gain access to reinforcement and control their environment through behavior of listeners.
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Listeners
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Reinforce speakers' behavior through responding to words and interacting with speakers.
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Elementary Verbal Operants (Skinner)
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1. Mand - Asking for reinforcers that you want.
2. Tact - Naming or identifying objects, actions, events, etc. 3. Echoic - Repeating what is heard. 4. Intraverbal - Answering questions or having conversations in which your words are controlled by other words. 5. Textual - Reading written words. 6. Transcription - Writing and spelling words spoken to you. |
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Point-to-Point Correspondence
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When the beginning, middle, and end of the verbal stimulus and the beginning, middle, and end of the response match.
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Formal Similarity
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Occurs when the controlling antecedent stimulus and the response or response product (a) share the same sense mode (e.g., both stimulus and response are visual, auditory, or tactile) and (b) physically resemble each other.
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Tact Extensions
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1. Generic Extension
2. Metaphorical Extension 3. Metonymical Extension 4. Solistic Extension |
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Generic Tact Extension
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The novel stimulus shares all of the relevant or defining features of the original stimulus; evoked by simple stimulus generalization.
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Metaphorical Tact Extension
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The novel stimulus shares some but not all of the relevant features associated with the original stimulus.
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Metonymical Tact Extension
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Verbal responses to novel stimuli that share none of the relevant features of the original stimulus configuration, but some irrelevant but related feature has acquired stimulus control.
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Solistic Tact Extension
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Occurs when a stimulus property that is only indirectly related to the tact relation evokes substandard verbal behavior such as malaprops.
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Four Ways Caregivers Teach Young Persons to Tact Their Private Stimulation
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1. Public Accompaniment
2. Collateral Responses 3. Common Properties 4. Response Reduction |
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Public Accompaniment
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An observable stimulus accompanies a private stimulus.
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Collateral Responses
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Observable behavior informing others that a private stimulus is present (e.g., pain).
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Common Properties
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A speaker learns to tact temporal, geometrical, or descriptive properties of objects and then generalize those tact relations to private stimuli.
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Response Reduction
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Self-reporting private events.
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Convergent Multiple Control
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When the occurrence of a single verbal response is a function of more than one variable.
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Divergent Multiple Control
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When a single antecedent variable affects the strength of many responses.
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Thematic Verbal Operants
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Mands, tacts, and intraverbals; involve different response topographies controlled by common stimuli.
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Formal Verbal Operants
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Echoic and textual; controlled by a common variable with point-to-point correspondence.
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Autoclitic Relation
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When a speaker's own verbal behavior functions as an SD or an MO for additional speaker verbal behavior. It's verbal behavior about a speaker's own verbal behavior.
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Primary Verbal Operant (Level 1)
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MOs and/or SDs are present and affect the primary verbal operant. The speaker has something to say.
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Secondary Verbal Operant (Level 2)
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The speaker observes the primary controlling variables of his/her own verbal behavior and disposition to emit the primary verbal behavior. The speaker discriminates these controlling variables and describes them to the listener. (Level 2) "I read in the paper that (Level 1) she moved away from China."
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Autoclitic Tact
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Informs the listener of some nonverbal aspect of the primary verbal operant and is therefore controlled by nonverbal stimuli (I see a dog.).
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Autoclitic Mands
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A specific MO controls it and its role is to mand the listener to react in some specific way to the primary verbal operant.
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Applications of Verbal Behavior
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1. Language Assessment
2. Language Intervention 3. Mand Training 4. Echoic Training 5. Tact Training 6. Intraverbal Training |
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Operant
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A response and the antecedent and consequent conditions which control it.
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