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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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formula for PPV
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TP/TP + FP
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formula for NPV
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TN/TN + FN
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formula for specificity
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TN/(TN+FP)
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how does PPV change with disease prevalence?
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increases with increasing prevalence
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how does NPV change with disease prevalence?
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decreases with increasing prevalence
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formula for number needed to treat (NNT)
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1/ARR
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formula for attributable risk percentage (ARP)
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ARP = (RR-1)/RR
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formula for attributable risk
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incidence in exposed - incidence in unexposed
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relationship between mean, median, and mode in positively skewed distribution (tail to the right)
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mean > median > mode
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relationship between mean, median, and mode in negatively skewed distribution (tail to the left)
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mean < median < mode
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define susceptibility bias
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subgroup of selection bias that occurs when the treatment regimen selected for a patient depends on the severity of the patient's condition
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main measure of association in case-control study
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exposure odds ratio
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difference between case control and retrospective cohort studies
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in case control, outcome of interest has already developed
in retrospective cohort, subjects sorted by exposed and unexposed, but no subject has outcome of interest at the time the study starts |
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appropriate test to compare two means
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two-sample t-test
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type of bias introduced when patients are lost to follow-up
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selection
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