Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pharmacological treatment for: Alcohol withdrawal
|
Benzodiazepines
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Anorexia/bulimia
|
SSRIs
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Anxiety
|
1. Barbiturates
2. Benzodiazepines 3. Buspirone (for GAD, does not cause sedation or addiction, and does not interact with EtOH) 4. MAO inhibitors 5. Venlafaxine (SNRI, for GAD) 6. Olanzapine (an atypical antipsychotic) |
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Atypical depression
|
MAO inhibitors
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Bipolar disorder
|
Mood stabilizers (Lithium, Valproic acid, Carbamazepines)
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Depression
|
1. SSRIs (endogenous depression)
2. SNRIs (when SSRIs are ineffective or neuropathic pain) 3. TCAs/Maprotiline (severe major depression) 4. MAO inhibitors (atypical depression or inability to use TCAs) 5. Bupropion 6. Mirtazapine 7. Trazodone/Nefazodone 8. Olanzapine (an atypical antipsychotic) |
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Depression with insomnia
|
Trazodone and Mirtazapine
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: OCD
|
1. Fluvoxamine (an SSRI)
2. Olanzapine (an atypical antipsychotic) 3. Clomipramine (a TCA) |
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Panic disorder
|
TCAs and Buspirone
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Schizophrenia
|
1. Typical Neuroleptics
2. Atypical neuroleptics (for positive and negative symptoms) |
|
Drug class: Thioridazine
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with low potency)
|
|
Drug class: Haloperidol
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with high potency)
|
|
Drug class: Fluphenazine
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with high potency)
|
|
Drug class: Chlorpromazine
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with low potency)
|
|
Drug class: Promethazone
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with low potency)
|
|
Drug class: Proclorperazine
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with low potency)
|
|
Drug class: Pimozide
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with high potency)
|
|
Drug class: Thiothixene
|
Antipsychotics (Typical neuroleptic with high potency)
|
|
Drug class: Aripiprazole
|
Antipsychotic (Atypical)
|
|
Drug class: Clozapine
|
Antipsychotic (Atypical)
|
|
Drug class: Olanzapine
|
Antipsychotic (Atypical)
|
|
Drug class: Quetiapine
|
Antipsychotic (Atypical)
|
|
Drug class: Risperidone
|
Antipsychotic (Atypical)
|
|
Drug class: Ziprasidone
|
Antipsychotic (Atypical)
|
|
Drug class: Citalopram
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Escitalopram
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Fluoxetine
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Fluvoxamine
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Paroxetine
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Sertraline
|
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Venlafaxine
|
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Duloxetine
|
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Bupropion
|
Atypical antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Mirtazapine
|
Atypical antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Nefazodone
|
Atypical antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Trazodone
|
Atypical antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Amitriptyline
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Amoxapine
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Clomipramine
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Desipramine
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Doxepin
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Imipramine
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Maprotiline
|
TETRAcyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Nortriptyline
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Protriptyline
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Trimipramine
|
Tricyclic Antidepressant
|
|
Drug class: Phenelzine
|
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Tranylcypromine
|
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
|
|
Drug class: Carbamazepines
|
Mood stabilizer
|
|
Drug class: Valproic acid
|
Mood stabilizer
|
|
Drug class: Lithium salt
|
Mood stabilizer
|
|
Mechanism of neuroleptics
|
Most block dopamine D2 receptors (as excess dopamine effects are connected with schizophrenia)
|
|
Mechanism of Venlafaxine
|
Inhibits reuptake of serotonin (at all doses), norepinephrine(at high doses), and dopamine (mild)
|
|
Mechanism of lithium
|
Not established; possibly related to inhibition of PIP resynthesis leading to its relative depletion in neurons
|
|
Mechanism of buspirone
|
Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
|
|
Mechanism of SSRIs
|
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibition, leading to down regulation of presynaptic inhibitory receptors, leading to increased release of neurotransmitter, leading to therapeutic response.
|
|
Mechanism of tricyclic antidepressants
|
1. Nonselectively inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (beneficial)
2. Block serotonergic, alpha-adrenergic, histaminic, and muscarinic receptors (not beneficial) |
|
Mechanism of clozapine
|
Blocks D2 like normal neuroleptic, but also blocks 5HT2 as well as D1, D4, muscarinic, and alpha-adrenergic receptors.
|
|
Mechanism of risperidone
|
Blocks 5HT2 receptors more than D2 receptors
|
|
Mechanism of aripiprazole
|
Partial agonist of D2 and 5HT1A receptors, and blocks 5HT2A receptors.
|
|
Mechanism of bupropion
|
Unknown
|
|
Mechanism of mirtazapine
|
Alpha2 antagonist (increasing release of NE and serotonin) and potent 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist
|
|
Mechanism of duloxetine
|
SNRI. Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine at all dose.
|
|
Mechanism of nefazodone and trazodone
|
Block 5-HT1 presynaptic autoreceptors, thereby increasing serotonin release. Weak inhibitors of serotonin re-uptake.
|
|
Mechanism of MAO inhibitors
|
Irreversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase which normally inactivates monoamines such as NE, 5-HT, and DA that leak out of presynaptic vesicles. MAO inhibitors allow these leaky molecules to accumulate and activate post synaptic response.
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Psychosis
|
1. Typical neuroleptics
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Acute mania
|
1. Typical neuroleptics
2. Olanzapine 3. Lithium (relapse and treatment) |
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Tourette syndrome
|
1. Typical neuroleptics
2. Olanzapine |
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Bedwetting
|
1. Imipramine (a tricyclic antidepressant)
|
|
Pharmacological treatment for: Hypochondriasis
|
1. MAO inhibitors
|
|
Antidepressants which have adverse effect of GI distress
|
SSRIs: all
SNRIs: all Atypical: Nefazodone Tricyclic: Clomipramine MAO inhibitors: none |
|
Antidepressants which have adverse effect of sedation
|
Note: useful effect if agitated
SSRIs: 1. Fluvoxamine 2. Paroxetine SNRIs: none Atypical: All except bupropion Tricyclic: All except desipramine and protryptiline MAO inhibitors: none |
|
Antidepressants which have high potential for orthostatic hypertension
|
SSRIs: none
SNRIs: none Atypical: none Tricyclic: 1. Amitriptyline 2. doxepin MAO inhibitors: All |
|
Antidepressants which have adverse effect of weight gain
|
SSRIs: none
SNRIs: none Atypical: Mirtazapine Tricyclic: (so big you need a DICTAphone to type) 1. Doxepin 2. Imipramine 3. Clomipramine 4. Trimipramine 5. Amitriptyline MAO inhibitors: none |
|
Toxicities of typical neuroleptics
|
1. Extrapyramidal dopamine side effects
2. Endocrine dopamnine side effects (dopamine receptor antagonism leading to hyperprolactinemia leading to gynecomastia) 3. Blocking muscarinic receptors (dry mouth, constipation) 4. Blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors (hypotension) 5. Blocking histamine receptors (sedation) 6. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 7. Tardive dyskinesia |
|
Describe neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
|
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome can cause you HARM
1. Hyperpyrexia 2. Autonomic instability 3. Rigidity 4. Myoglobinuria |
|
How is neuroleptic malignant syndrome treated?
|
Dantrolene or dopamine agonists (bromocriptine)
|
|
Describe tardive dyskinesia and what causes it?
|
Long-term antipsychotic use leads to dopamine receptor sensitization which causes stereotypic oral-facial movements
|
|
Mechanism and treatment for extrapyramidal side effects
|
Blocking of dopamine's inhibitory effects causes excess stimulation by acetylcholine. Treat wth anticholinergic drugs like thioridazine.
|
|
Toxicities of atypical neuroleptics
|
Weight gain. Clozapine may cause agranulocytosis. (Requires weekly WBC monitoring.) Fewer extrapyramidal and anticholinergic side effects than typical neuroleptics.
|
|
Which atypical neuroleptic can cause agranulocytosis?
|
Clozapine (requires weekly WBC monitoring)
|
|
Toxicities of lithium
|
Mnemonic: LMNOPP (prounounced "pee-pee")
Lithium side effects 1. Movement (Tremor) 2. Narrow therapeutic window 3. hypOthyroidism 4. Pregnancy problems (Teratogenesis) 5. Polyuria as lithium is ADH antagonist, leading to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus |
|
Toxicities of SSRIs
|
1. GI distress
2. Sexual dysfunction (anorgasmia) 3. Serotonin syndrome (with MAO inhibitors) |
|
What is serotonin syndrome?
|
Excess serotonergic activity caused by use of both SSRIs and MAO inhibtiors
1. Hyperthermia 2. Muscle rigidity 3. Cardiovascular collapse |
|
Side effects and toxicities of tricyclic antidepressants
|
TCAs mess you up. Make you a stuttering SHAARCCC
1. Sedation 2. Hyperpyrexia 3. alpha-blocking effects 4. atropine-like (anticholinergic) effects (tachycardial, urinary retention, confusion and hallucinations in elderly) 5. Respiratory depression and the Tri-C's: 6. Convulsions 7. Coma 8. Cardiotoxicity (arrhythmias) |
|
Treatment for confusion and hallucinations in elderly on tricyclic antidepressants
|
Due to anticholinergic activity. Use nortriptyline instead.
|
|
Toxicities of bupropion
|
1. Stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia)
2. Headache 3. Seizure in bulimic patients |
|
Toxicities of venlafaxine
|
Things have trouble going down your SINCS (GI distress)
1. Stimulant effects 2. Increased blood pressure 3. Nausea 4. Constipation 5. Sedation |
|
Toxicities of mirtazapine
|
1. Sedation
2. Increased appetite 3. Weight gain 4. Dry mouth |
|
Toxicities of Maprotiline
|
1. Sedation
2. Orthostatic hypotension |
|
Toxicities of Trazodone
|
1. Sedation
2. Nausea 3. Priapism 4. Postural hypotension |
|
Toxicities of MAO inhibitors
|
1. Hypertensive crisis with tyramine ingestion and meperidine
2. CNS stimulation 3. Serotonin syndrome (when coadministered with SSRIs or beta-agonists) 4. Increased risk of orthostatic hypotension |