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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
H1 blocker action
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Reversible inhibitors of H1 histamine receptors
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1st generation H1 blockers
(a) common names (b) clinical uses (c) toxicities |
(a) diphenydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine
(b) allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid (c) sedation, antimuscarinic, anti alpha adrenergic |
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2nd generation H1 blockers
(a) common names (b) clinical uses (c) toxicity |
(a) loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine
(b) allergy (c) far less sedating than 1st generation b/c of decr entry into CNS |
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Major classes of asthma drugs
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Beta agonists
Beta 2 agonists Methylxanthines Muscarinic antagonists Cromolyn Corticosteroids Antileukotrienes |
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Asthma drugs: non specific beta agonists
(a) major drug (s) (b) mode of action/use (c) adverse effect |
(a) isoproterenol
(b) relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta 2) (c) tachycardia (beta 1) |
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Beta 2 agonists
(a) major drug (s) (b) mode of action/use (c) adverse effect |
(a) albuterol, salmeterol
(b) albuterol: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (beta2) Salmeterol: long acting agent for prophylaxis (c) tremor and arrhythmia |
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Methylxanthines
(a) major drug (s) (b) mode of action/use (c) adverse effect |
(a) theophylline
(b) likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase decr cAMP hydrolysis (c) usage limited b/c of narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity); metaolized by p450 |
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Muscarinic antagonists
(a) major drug (s) (b) mode of action/use (c) adverse effect |
(a) ipratropium
(b) competitive block of muscarinic receptors preventing bronchoconstriction; also used for COPD (c) n/a |
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Cromolyn
(a) mode of action (b) adverse effect/use |
(a) prevents release of mediators from mast cells; useful only for prophylaxis nor for acute attach
(b) toxicity rare |
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Corticosteroids
(a) major drug(s) (b) mode of action/use |
(a) beclomethasone, prednisone
(b) inhibit synth of virtually all cytokines; inactivate NF kappa B (TF that induces production of TNF alpha etc). 1st line therapy for chronic asthma |
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Antileukotriences
(a) major drug (s) (b) mode of action/use (c) adverse effect |
(a) Zileuton; Zafirlukast, Montelukast
(b) Zileuton: 5-lipooxygenase pathway inhibitor; blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes Zafr and Monte: block leukotrience receptors; esp good for aspirin induced asthma) |
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Guaifenesin (robitussin) MOA
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Removes excess sputum but large doses necessary; does not suppress cough reflex
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N acetylcysteine
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Mucolytic-->can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. Also used as an antidote for acetaminophen overdose
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