Usmle Kaplan Pharm 2

Front 1

NO2

Back 1

diffusion hypoxia, spon abortion, low blood gas, rapid onset and recovery, high MAC

Front 2

halothate

Back 2

low MAC, higher blood gas ratio, malignant hyperthermia, cardiac arrythmias

Front 3

profol

Back 3

antiemetic, anesthesia- initation and maitaines

Front 4

fentanyl

Back 4

opiate, anesteha

Front 5

ketamine

Back 5

dissociative anethesia, NMDA receptor antagonist, hallucination, increased ICP, vivid nightmares

Front 6

felbamate

Back 6

anesthetic blocking NMDA receptor

Front 7

tetrodotoxin

Back 7

puffer fish. Block inactivated Na channels, decreased Na influex

Front 8

ciguatoxin

Back 8

bind to activated Na channle, cause inactvation, prolong Na influx, desesensitixe and inactivate

Front 9

esters

Back 9

procaine, cocaine, cause allergeis due to PABA(paraaminobenzoic acid)

Front 10

amides

Back 10

lidocaine, bupivacaine

Front 11

local analgesics

Back 11

nonionized form crosses axoimanl membrane, from within ionized form blocks the inacticated Na channel, slows recovery and prevents propogation of action potentials, esters and amides, AE- cadiotxoic,, neruotoxic

Front 12

cocaine

Back 12

vasocontiction by blocking NE uptake

Front 13

tubocurarine

Back 13

competitive, non depol, reversible with AcHE, no CNS effects

Front 14

Atracurium

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nondepol blocker, safe in hepatic and renal impariment because spon inactiavation to laudanosine( this could cause seizures)

Front 15

mivacurium

Back 15

short duration nondepol blockers

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succinylcholine

Back 16

nicotinic agonist, noncome depol blocker, no effect of AchE when desenstivzed, AE- malignant hyperthermia, hyeperkalemia, genetic polymorphism(slow metabs could be problematic)

Front 17

baclofen

Back 17

GABA B receptors, use for spasticity

Front 18

dantrolene and bromocriptine

Back 18

tx for malig hyperthermia

Front 19

MAC

Back 19

lower MAC- more potennt

Front 20

blood gas ratio

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high- slower onset and slower recovery

Front 21

IV anethetics

Back 21

thiopental, midozolam, propodol, fentanyl, ketamine

Front 22

dantrolene

Back 22

blocks Ca release from muscle SR, tx for NMS

Front 23

CI in opids use

Back 23

head injuries, pul dysfunction(except pul edema), hepatic and renal dysfucntion, adrenal or thyroid def, pregnancy

Front 24

meripridine

Back 24

opioid full agnosit, antimuscardinic, met to normepridine-->serotonin syndrome and seziures

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methadone

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maintains opioid addiction

Front 26

codeine

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cough supressant

Front 27

dextromorphan

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opid related, cough supressant

Front 28

loperamide

Back 28

opoid rel, diarrhea

Front 29

opidoid management of withdrawal

Back 29

methadone and clonidine(decreases NE release)-->decreases SANs response

Front 30

opoid mgmt of acute txocitiy

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IC nalazone

Front 31

opoid withdrawal

Back 31

yawning, lacrimation, salivation, rhinorea, CNS origin, pain, anxiety, sweating, G I coulple, u- strongest

Front 32

nalbuphine and pentazocine

Back 32

K agonist- spinal analgesia and dysphoria, u antagonist- preciptation of withdrawal

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naloxone

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opoid antagonist, IV, reverse resp dep

Front 34

naltrexone

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decrease craving of alc and opiate addiction

Front 35

methylnaltrexone

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opioid anatgonist, opioid rel constipation

Front 36

DA agonist

Back 36

dyskinesia(hyper movement)

Front 37

DA antagonist

Back 37

pseudoparkinsosm(nigrostriatal) , gynecopastia, amenoreha/galactorreha (tuveroinfedibular)

Front 38

mesolimbic pathway

Back 38

cell bodies in midbrain, reiforcement of behavior increased DA in nucelus accumbens

Front 39

amporphine

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DA agonsit, emetic

Front 40

D1

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Gs

Front 41

D2

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Gi

Front 42

D2A

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nigrostriatal

Front 43

D2C

Back 43

mesolimbic , clozapine

Front 44

levodopa

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prodrug, converted by decarbozylase, give with carbidopa(inhbits peripheral decarboxylase) AE- dyskinesia, psychosis, hypotension

Front 45

tolcapone and entacapone

Back 45

inhibit COMT and enhances uptake and effciacy, tolcapone- hepatoxic

Front 46

seleginine

Back 46

MAO B selective inhbitor, NO TYRAMINE INTERACTION AE- dyskeniea, psychosis, amnesia(met by aphetamine- will test + in drug test)

Front 47

bromocriptine

Back 47

hyperprolactinoma and acromegaly , DA receptor acgonist , AE- psychosis and dyskinesia

Front 48

pramipexole and ropinirole

Back 48

DA receptor agonist

Front 49

benztropine, trihexyphenydyl, diphenhydramine

Back 49

decreases Ach function, muscarinic blocker, decreases tremor and rigidity, AE- antimuscarinic(atropine like)

Front 50

amantidine

Back 50

antiviral, blocks muscarinin increased DA release, AE- LIVEDO RETICULARIS

Front 51

antimuscarinic use in psychosis

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for acute EPS( pseduoparkinsonism, akathesia, dystonia)

Front 52

atypical antipsychotic

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chronic EPS for tardive dyshyemia

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antipyschotic AE

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EPS, dysphoria(decreases compliance), endocrine( NMS, increased prolactin, wt gain) , hypotnesion due to alpha blockage

Front 54

Typicals

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chlorpromazine, thioridazine, fluphenazile, haloperidol

Front 55

atypicals

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clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole

Front 56

thioridiazine

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better antimusacrin, incrased sedation, increased alpha blockate, cardiac toxicity(quinidine like), retinal deposits, allergies , typical antipsych

Front 57

haloperidol

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NMS and TD, typical antipsych

Front 58

clozapine

Back 58

block D2C and 5HT2, AE- agranulocystosis, NO TD, increased salivation(due to serotnin) , seziures(due to antimuscarinic) , atypical antipsychotic

Front 59

olanzapie and risperidone

Back 59

atypical, blocks 5HT2 improves negative symptoms

Front 60

aripiprazole

Back 60

partial agonist of D2, blocks 5HT2 receptors

Front 61

phenelzine and tranylcypromine

Back 61

MAOI , use- atypical depression, AE- HYPERTENSIVE CRISSI, DI with tyramine, TCA, levodopa, alpha 1 agonist, SEROTONIN SYN

Front 62

serotonin syn

Back 62

sweating, rigidity, myoclonus, hyperthermia, ANS instabiliy, seizures , Drugs- SSRI, TCA, meperidine

Front 63

TCA

Back 63

amitriptiline, imipramine, clomipramine, non specific block of 5HT and NE, DI- hypertensive crisis with MAOI, seronin syn, AE- 3 Cs(coma, convusion, cardiotoxic)

Front 64

clomipramine

Back 64

TCA for OCD

Front 65

amytriptyline

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TCA for neuropathic pain, can also use carbemazepine

Front 66

imipramine

Back 66

decreased slow wave sleep, works on phase IV of sleep, night terrors

Front 67

fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, fluvoxamine

Back 67

slective blockade of 5HT reuptake , USE- depression, anxiety, DI- CYP inh(fluvoxamine and fluxetine), benzo

Front 68

citalopram

Back 68

safe for interactions

Front 69

trazodone

Back 69

5HT agonist, AE- arrthmias, pirapism

Front 70

venlafazine

Back 70

nonselective reuptake blocker devoid of ANS effects

Front 71

buproprion

Back 71

DA reuptake blocker, used in smoking cessation

Front 72

Mirtazapine

Back 72

alpha 2 antagonist, wt gain and anorexia

Front 73

lithium

Back 73

DOC for bipolar, decreases PIP2 and camp, AE- life threatining sezures, hypothyroidsimwith goiter(decreased TSH), NDI(decreased ADH)- tx with amiloride, chronic thazide decreases clearance of LI, use K sparing, teratogenic(ebsteins- malformed tricuspid)

Front 74

methylphenidate

Back 74

amphetatime like, AE- cardio toxicity, use- ADHD

Front 75

atomoxetine

Back 75

selective NE reuptake inhibitor, USE- ADHD

Front 76

amphetamine

Back 76

block reuptake of NE and DA, relase amines from mobule pool

Front 77

benzo toxcitiy

Back 77

tx with flumazenil, cant use for barbituate toxcitiy

Front 78

benzo MOA

Back 78

potnetiate GABA with GABA A (BZ1 and BZ2)

Front 79

barbituate+ alcohol

Back 79

lif threatening seziure

Front 80

marijuana

Back 80

interact of CB 1 and CB2

Front 81

PCP

Back 81

NMDA antagonist, AE- rhabdomylosysi, convulsions and edeath

Front 82

ketamine

Back 82

hallucinations, glutamate receptro antagonist

Front 83

MDMA

Back 83

5HT, excstasy, raves

Front 84

inhanats

Back 84

solvent abuse, multiple organ damage

Front 85

macrolides

Back 85

erythromycin, azithromycin clarithromycin, USE- g+, atypicals, C jejuni, MAC, H pylori, CYP inh, AE- stim gut motilin

Front 86

clarithromycin

Back 86

macroline with less GI symptosm

Front 87

azitrhomycin

Back 87

macrolide with least CYP inh , H pyroli

Front 88

telitrhomycin

Back 88

ketoline, macrolide resistn S pneumona

Front 89

clindamycin

Back 89

not macrolide but same mechanism and resistance, G+, b fragilis and anarobes, use in osteomylitis with g+, AE- C DIFFICLE COLITIS

Front 90

linezolid

Back 90

MOA- inhibits initation complex in bac translation, prevents formation of tRNA complex, USE- tx for VRSA and VRE, drug resist penumoccoa, 50 S

Front 91

quinupristin-Dalfopristin

Back 91

50S, like tetracycline, streptogramins, binding to 50S prevent interaction of amino acyl tRNA with acceptor site , USE- VRE, VRSA

Front 92

sulfonamides

Back 92

inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase , DON’T USE ALONE- resistance

Front 93

trimethoprim and pyrimethamine

Back 93

inhibit dihdrofolate reductase , Bone marrow suprresion, problemtatic in HIV pts

Front 94

sulfasalazine

Back 94

ulcertative coilitis and rheumatoid arthritis

Front 95

Ag sulfadiazine

Back 95

burns

Front 96

GI conjugases

Back 96

carbamezipine and phenytoin, allows for transport of folate

Front 97

cotrimoxazole

Back 97

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, DOC for nocardia, listeria, g- infections, g+ infections, PCP, toxoplasm, AE- allergies, take with lots of water( to avoid stones), kernicterus in babeis, phototoxciiy

Front 98

chloramphenicol

Back 98

bacteriostatic, met by hepatic glucorination, CYP inh, dose dep marrow supreesion, back up for salmonella and ricettksa, AE- GRAY BABY SYN

Front 99

Doxycyline

Back 99

lipid soluble, proststis(gonorhea+chlamydia, boreilla , hepatic met

Front 100

minocycline

Back 100

menigicoocal carrier state( rifampin more frequent- organge body fluids)

Front 101

Demeclocycline

Back 101

SIADH

Front 102

tigecycline

Back 102

MRSA and VRE skin and complicated infections

Front 103

ADH

Back 103

increased by carbamazepine, decreased by LI , decreased by demeclocyline

Front 104

tetracycline

Back 104

chelators, bacteriostatic, borad- atypicas, h pylori, ricketsia, boreilla, brucella, vibrio, treponema(back up) , AE- tooth enamel dysplsia and decreased bone , CI in preggers( liver issues)

Front 105

drugs that cause photoxicity

Back 105

tetracucline, sulfonamide, quinolones

Front 106

gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin

Back 106

aminoglycosides, AE- nephrotoxicity(ATN) , otoxicity, NEUROMUSCLAR BLOCKADE , once daily dosing

Front 107

streptomycin

Back 107

TB, DOC for bubonic plague and tularemia

Front 108

CI in pregancy

Back 108

aminoglycosides, fluroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracycline

Front 109

aminoglycosides(30S), linezolid(50S)

Back 109

interenes with initiation, misreading of code(aminoglycosdies only- cidal)

Front 110

tetracycline (30S)and dalfopristin/quinupristin (50S)

Back 110

blocks attachemnt of aminoacyl tRNA to acceptor site(static)

Front 111

chloramphenicol (50S)

Back 111

inhibit the activity of peptidyl transferase(-static)

Front 112

macrolides and clindamycin (50S)

Back 112

ihibits translocation of peptidyl tRNA from acceptor to donor site

Front 113

otoxoic

Back 113

aminoglycosides, loop diuretics(ethycrinic acid more) , vancomycin

Front 114

vancomyci

Back 114

binds Dala Dala and hinders the transglyclation and invovlved in the elognation of peptidoglycan chains, NO ROLE IN PBPs, USE- MRSA, enterococci C difficiel(not DOC, metronizadle is) , resistance- termanial Dala is replaced by D lactate, orally for colitis, AE- red man syndrome, otoxotic

Front 115

aztreonam

Back 115

resistant to B lactmases, no cross allogeniencity, ONLY G-

Front 116

Imipenem and Meropenem

Back 116

Reistant to B lactams, nosocmial epiric for life threathening, give with CILASTATIN to prevent RENAL TOXCITIY , USE- enterobacter and pseudomonas, AE- seizures

Front 117

cefazolin, cephalexin

Back 117

first gen cephalosporin, surgical prolylacis, g+, NO ENTRY INTO CNS, long half life

Front 118

cefotetat, cefaclor, cefuroxime

Back 118

second gen cephalospin, cefuroxime enters CNS

Front 119

ceftriazone, cefotaxime, cefdinir, cefixime

Back 119

g+, g- rods and coci, epiric for menginitis and spesisi

Front 120

cefipime

Back 120

IV, reistant to beta lactamase, wide spect, enters CNS

Front 121

cefoperazone, ceftriazole

Back 121

bile eleminated

Front 122

cefotetaan, cefoperazone

Back 122

disulfiram like

Front 123

inhibition of bacterial cell well synthesis

Back 123

pencillins, cephalosporin, imipenem/meropenem, aztrenam, vancomycin

Front 124

ihibitoion of bacterial protein sysntehsis

Back 124

aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolindes, tetraclylines, strepgtamins, linezolid, clindamycin

Front 125

inhibition of nucelic syntehsis

Back 125

fluoroquinilone, rifampin

Front 126

inhibition of folic acind syntehsis

Back 126

sulfonamide, trimethoprim, prymethamine

Front 127

pencillin and cephalosporins reistance

Back 127

production of B lactamases, which cleave the beta lactam ring structure, change in PBPs, change in porin

Front 128

aminoglycosides resistance

Back 128

conjugate rxns that transfer acetyl, phosphoryl, adenyl groups

Front 129

macrolides resistance

Back 129

formation of methyltransferases that alter drug binding sites on 50S, active transport out of cells

Front 130

tetracyclines resistance

Back 130

increased pumping drug out of cell

Front 131

sulfonamides resistance

Back 131

change in sensitivty of inhibiton of target enzyme, increased PABA formation, exogenous folic acid

Front 132

fluroquinilone resistance

Back 132

change in sensivity to ninhbition of target enzymes, increased activity of transport systems that promote drug efflux

Front 133

chloramphenicol resistance

Back 133

formation of activating acetyl transferase

Front 134

pencillin

Back 134

interacts with cytoplasmic membrane binding proteins to inhibit transpeptidation reaction invovled in cross linking, AE- hypersensivity, interstitial nephritis with methicillin, JHR rxn with tx of syphulis(flushing joint pain, proof tht drug is working- used to be assessment too in olden days)

Front 135

nafcillin, methicillin, oxacimmin

Back 135

betalacatase resistant, staph

Front 136

benzathine

Back 136

long acting , pencillin G

Front 137

amoxicillin

Back 137

boreilla, H pylori

Front 138

ampicllin

Back 138

listeria

Front 139

ticarcillin, piperacillin, azlocillin

Back 139

extended spectrum, antipseudomonal, betalactamase sensitive

Front 140

clavunic acid and sulbactam

Back 140

irreversible B lactamase inhibitors

Front 141

naficillin and oxacillin

Back 141

eliminated via bile