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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
John Locke
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- writings influenced authors of Declaration of Independence
- natural rights (life, liberty, pursuit of happiness) - social contract - in favor of limited goverment |
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Rousseau
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- social contract published 1762
- popular sovereignty |
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Montesquieu
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- separation of power
- checks and balances - wrote Spirit of Law (1748) - influenced constitution |
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Magna Carta
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- "great charter"
- signed by King John of England - limits the king's power - trial by jury - led to English parliament - influenced US Constitution and English Bill of Rights |
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Habeus Corpus
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- judicial order that requires a person to be brought before the court in order to determine if they are being lawfully detained
- prevents imprisonment without trial or just cause - suspended during the Civil War by Lincoln |
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English Bill of Rights
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- agreed to by William and Mary
- laid foundation for constitutional monarchy - ensured supremacy of parliament over monarchy |
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Triangular Trade
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- maintained colonial economy
1. raw materials are sent from America to Europe 2. manufactured goods are sent from Europe to Africa 3. slaves are sent from Africa to West Indies and America |
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Mayflower Compact (1620)
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- document written and signed by 41 pilgrims arriving near the New England coast
- agreement to self govern |
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Town Meetings
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- New England
- only white male landowners vote - towns people can discuss local issues - all can attend and express opinion |
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Virginia House of Burgesses (1619)
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- first elected representative government appeared in Virginia
- group of wealthy landowners - imposed taxes and ran the colonies - modeled after English Parliament |
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Albany Plan of Union
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-first attempt of the colonies uniting under British rule
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Salutary Neglect
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- laws of Great Britain were poorly enforced in the colonies
- no direct governing over the colonies - sought to benefit from the economic prosperity of the colonies |
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French and Indian War
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- land dispute over Ohio River Valley
- between French and British troops |
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Stamp Act
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- printed items were required to have a stamp proving the tax had been paid
- enraged the colonists and led to boycotting |
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Townshed Act
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- placed tax on glass, tea, lead, paper, and paint
- allowed officers to search homes for evidence of smuggling - "No Taxation Without Representation" |
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Boston Massacure
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- clash between British troops and a group of colonists in Boston, Massachusetts
- colonists antagonize British troops - British open fire on colonists killing 5 people - used for colonist propaganda - enrages colonists |
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Thomas Paine's Common Sense
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- pamphlet encouraging colonists to declare independence from Britain
- convinced many undecided colonists to favor independence |
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Independence and New State Constitution
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- democracy
- seperation of powers - checks and balances - bicameral legislature (senate: protects the people, assembly: protects the commoners) |
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Voting Rights
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- increase belief in equality of social classes
- new state constitution allows all white males to vote |
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New Freedoms
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Women:
- greater access to education - more schools for girls African Americans: - many obtained freedom in war - enslaving people did not fit with new ideals of liberty |
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Declaration of Independence
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- written by Thomas Jefferson
- stated grievances the colonies had against Britain - justified revolution - influenced by John Locke |
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Virginia Plan
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- bicameral legislature
- representation reflect state population - supported by large states |
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New Jersey Plan
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- unicameral legislature
- equal representation - supported by small states who feared losing power in federal goverment |
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The Great Compromise
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- bicameral legislature made of senate (upper house) and house of representatives (lower house)
- senate has equal representation, each state has two senators - house of representatives has representatives proportional to population of the state |
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The 3/5th Comprimise
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- 3/5 of the slave population would count in the overall population of a state for the purpose of representatives and taxation
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Popular Sovereignty
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- based on the consent of the people
- people are the ultimate source of power - people chose leaders to represent them in goverment |
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Legislative Branch
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- senate and house of representatives
- makes the law |
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Executive Branch
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- president
- enforces the law |
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Judicial Branch
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- court system
- interprets the law |
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Checks and Balances
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- prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful
- each branch has some ability to limit power of the other two EX: legislative passes a law, executive can veto the law, judicial can declare the law unconstitutional |
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Federalism
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- the balancing of power between federal and state government within the system
- federal government is superior to state |
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Delegated Powers
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Powers for national government
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Reserved Powers
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Powers for state government
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Concurrent Powers
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Powers shared between the state and national government
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The Unwritten Constitution
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- refers to the ideas and processes that are accepted as a needed part of American government regardless of the fact that they are not actually written in the constitution
- based on customs, traditions, and precedents EX: political parties |
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George Washington's Precedents
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- 2 terms for president
- presidential cabinet - "Mr. President" - inaugurated address |
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Andrew Jackson's Spoils System
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- practice of giving government jobs to those who supported one's political party as a reward
- Jackson fired more than 2,000 government employees and filled their positions with his own supporters |
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Indian Removal Act
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- forced Native Americans to move West of the Mississippi River
- supposed to be voluntary in theory but political and physical force was used to move Native Americans - this led to the Trail of Tears |
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Manifest Destiny
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- belief that if was Americans God given right and duty to expand west to the Pacific coast
- mission to explore, spread American ideals, democracy, and Christianity |
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Sectionalism
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Loyalty to the interests of one's own region or section rather than of the country as a whole
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