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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is a blockade?
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a method of sealing off an area by the use of naval or other forces
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What happened on June 17, 1775?
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George Washington became the commander of the Continental Army.
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What is a guerilla?
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a member of a small fighting group that moves swiftly to avoid capture
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What is a Loyalist?
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a colonist who chose to remain loyal to Britain rather than support American independence.
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What is a mercenary?
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a soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay.
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What is a privateer?
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a privately owned vessel authorized by the government o attack enemy ships.
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How many colonies met in Philadelphia in 1775 to discuss independence?
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13
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What was the meeting of the 13 colonies in Philadelphia called?
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The Continental Congress
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What was the olive branch petition?
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the document that the colonists offered King George asking for protection from the harsh policies. He refused, leading to war.
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What was The American Crisis?
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Thomas Paine's pamphlet about the harsh conditions of Continental Army, urge them to keep fighting.
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What did Common Sense advocate?
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independence from Britain
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What country agreed to fight with the colonies against Britain?
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France
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Who surrendered at Saratoga?
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General Burgoyne, Great Britain
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When was the Battle of Yorktown?
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October 19, 1781
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What happened at the Battle of Yorktown?
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British surrendered to Ameircans.
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Name the boundaries set by the Treaty of Paris
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North: Canada
West: Mississippi River South: Spanish Florida |
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When were the British and the colonists fighting for New York City and the area around it?
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July through November of 1776
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What was Washington's first big victory?
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December 25, 1776, crossing the Delaware River and attacking at Trenton
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What is "strategy"?
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overall plan of action
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What was the British strategy in 1776 and 1777?
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Control the Hudson River Valley: cut off New England from the rest of the the colonies
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In July 1777, what fort did the British general Burgoyne capture?
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Fort Ticonderoga in upper New York State
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What State and City did General Howe (British) attack in September, 1777?
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Philadelphia, Pennslyvania
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Where was General Burgoyne trying to go in the fall of 1777?
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To meet General Howe in Albany, NY
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Did General Burgoyne get to Albany?
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NO
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Where was General Burgoyne defeated by the colonial army?
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Battle of Saratoga, NY, October 1777.
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In the Battle of Saratoga, who did Benedict Arnold fight for?
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Colonists?
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Why is Benedict Arnold known to US history as a TRAITOR?
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Because he changed sides and surrendered a US fort to the British in 1780.
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What is an ally?
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a country that agrees to help another country achieve a common good.
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Why did France agree to help the colonies fight the British after the Battle of Saratoga?
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Because they were bitter that they lost their North American colonies in the French and Indian War, maybe is Britain lost this war they could get something back.
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What nation helped the colonists contain the British in the south?
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Spain
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What is a bayonet?
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A long steel knife attached to the end of a gun
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Where did Washington's troops spend the winter of 1777-1778
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Valley Forge, PA
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What were the conditions like in Valley Forge for the army?
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terrible, they lacked food, shoes, they froze, their feet and legs were amputated, blood in the snow, extreme hardship
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What does the term "desert" mean militarily?
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leave military duty without intending to return
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Who led the colonists on the Western Frontier and captured British outposts?
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George Rogers Clark
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Who was the most famous naval officer for the colonies?
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John Paul Jones
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What was the change in strategy for the war in 1778 for the British?
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Move from the North to the South, they thought there were more loyalists there.
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What were the two big victories for the British in the South?
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Savannah and Charleston.
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Who was the British general in the South?
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Lord Cornwallis
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What was one of the first victories for the colonists in the South?
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Kings Mountain, North Carolina...they killed more than 1,000 Loyalists who had surrendered.
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What does "pacifist" mean
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opposed to war.. Quakers are pacifists.
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How did the French help Washington defeat Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781?
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They blockaded the Chesapeake and prevented the British from getting supplies from New York and escaping.
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What was the date of Yorktown?
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October 19, 1781
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What were four advantages that the colonists had?
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Better leadership
Foreign Aid Knowledge of the Land Motivation |
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What year was the Treaty of Paris signed?
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1783
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What government philosophy did the colonists chose?
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republicanism
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What did republicanism mean to the colonists?
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government obtain the right to rule from the people and was responsible to them
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Who was the Marquis de Lafayette?
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young french noble man who came to fight with the colonists, provided money and leadership.
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What three states outlawed slavery after the Revolutionary War?
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Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Vermont
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Who was Baron von Steuben?
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helped train the colonial army in Valley Forge, showed them how to use bayonettes, form ranks, etc.
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What is a Patriot?
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colonist that supported independence from Britain
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When did the Second Continental Congress meet?
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1775, May
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When was the Battle of Lexington and Concord
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April, 1775
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Who led the Americans in the attack on Fort Ticonderoga?
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Ethan Allen, leader of the Green Mountain Boys
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When did the colonists attack Fort Ticonderoga?
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April, 1775
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When was the Battle of Bunker HIll?
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May, 1775
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What happened at Bunker Hill?
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The British won but they suffered huge losses and militia did well.
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What are militia?
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the early groups of armed colonists fighting the British.
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When did the colonists attack Quebec?
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November, 1775. total failure
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Why did the British leave Boston?
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Because Washington got cannons from Fort Ticonderoga, put them on hills around the harbor and threatened to bombard the city and the British soldier. General Howe retreats to NYC>
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Which pamphlet made the case for independence?
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Common Sense by Thomas Paine
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Who was the king of England during the American Revolution?
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George III
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Name five drafters of the Declaration of Independence
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Benjamin Franklin
Thomas Jefferson John Adams Roger Sherman Robert Livingston |
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Who was the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence?
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John Hancock, the president of the Second Continental Congress
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What philosopher was the Declaration of Independence based on?
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John Locke
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Who were the Hessians?
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Hired German mercenary soldiers for the British, they were in the Battle of Trenton and Princeton.
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What was the "social contract"?
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The relationship between the people and the government: the people have certain unalienable rights and if the government takes them away, they lose the right to govern.
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When was the Battle of Princeton?
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January, 1776
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Who won the Battle of Princeton?
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Washington and the colonial army
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Where and when was the Battle of Camden?
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August, 1780 in Camden, South Carolina. The British won.
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