Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What were the major patterns of Native American life in North America before Europeans arrived?
|
• Diverse societies
• Hundreds of languages and cultures • Each had their own political system and religious beliefs (one creator being) • Relied on hunting/agriculture (no advanced tools) • Mostly got along peacefully with other tribes • Generosity key |
|
|
What impelled European explorers to look west across the Atlantic?
|
• Interest in conquest/exploration of new lands
• Columbus actually wanted a new way to India/China • Never knew he discovered new land • Renaissance sparked interest in discovering the world |
|
|
One of the most striking features of Indian societies at the time of the encounter with Europeans was their diversity. Support this statement with several examples
|
• Peaceful v. violent
• Isolated v. Confederations • Hunters & gatherers v. Farmers and Fishers • Language, culture, religions, political systems |
|
|
How did Virginia and Maryland develop in their early years?
|
• Started out facing many calamities and troubles
• Tobacco introduced • Sub for gold • White population grew rapidly • Virginia had a lot of servants working the field • Maryland originally was supposed to be a place where Catholics and protestants could live peacefully • also prospered with tobacco. • Together birthed Puritanism |
|
|
What were the main sources of discord in early New England?
|
• Puritans extremely intolerant
• Roger Williams came, said people should practice whatever they wanted. He got banished, went south and established Rhode Island • Massachusetts also having religious issues. These issues kept making new colonies • Puritans saw Indians as heathens • Conquering them was with “the sword of the Lord” • People became more concerned with the trade rather than church since that’s what helped New England survive |
|
|
In what ways did the economy, government, and household structure differ in New England and the Chesapeake colonies?
|
• Men only at first. Women didn’t come until later.
• Was a disaster, huge population died. Was headed back when a ship carrying a new governor, supplies, and settlers came and convinced them to turn around • Military discipline held colony together • “You don’t work, you don’t eat” • Virginia company realized it needed to be a society in order to thrive • Company convinced people to go by offering land if you could afford the trip |
|
|
How was slavery established in the Western Atlantic World?
|
• Didn’t intend for it to be a part of their society
• Carolina started enslaving Indians • Indians started dying out from disease, but this is how it all began • Tobacco increased demand for workers • Africa • Stereotypes started • When death rates began to fall, it became more economical to buy slaves rather than servants (and slaves did the work indentured servants didn’t want to do) |
|
|
How did patterns of class and gender roles change in eighteenth-century America?
|
• Access to land became more scarce for lower class
• 1700’s plantations took up huge chunks of land • Middle class had access to land and viewed it as a right • Social status was determined from land and overall economic status • Women’s role was solidified, but also contained them • Clean, raise children, cook • Male power of female grew |
|
|
Both the Puritans and William Penn viewed their colonies as “holy experiments.” How did they differ?
|
• Puritans wanted a land based entirely on their belief
• Considered themselves God’s elect • Intolerant to other beliefs • Man as household leader • William Penn wanted a colony for every religion to worship freely • Religious liberty as important (Puritans thought it was important too – but for their own belief), he wanted it be whatever people wanted to believe |
|
|
How did King Philip’s war, Bacon’s Rebellion, and the Salem witch trials illustrate a widespread crisis in British North America in the late seventeenth century?
|
• King Philip’s War – White settlers’ encroachment on Indian land, Indians retaliate in the most violent warfare of the 17th century. The settlers counter attack and take out a huge chunk of Indian population.
• Bacon’s Rebellion – Corruption of Virginia’s government. The people wanted to kick out the Indians to have more land. When the governor refused, there was a rebellion, mostly made of landless men (men who couldn’t vote). • Salem Witch Trials – People being accused of being witches. It got completely out of hand and demonstrated that the Salem’s justice system wasn’t functioning correctly. |
|
|
What factors led to distinct African-American cultures in the eighteenth century?
|
• Reproduction of slave population
• Balanced sex ratio • Family centered communities • Small plantations exposed Africans to their culture, they learned English • Big plantations the slaves died more, higher importation rate, slower growth of African-American movement |
|
|
How did the Great Awakening challenge the religious and social structure of British North America?
|
• Religious awakening, impact beyond spiritual matters
• Creation of factions within Church between Old Lights and New Lights • New church denominations • Churches started to criticize social and culture norm as too commercial, worldly • All people are equal: slavery • People started to let slaves go |
|
|
How did the ideas of republicanism and liberalism differ in eighteenth-century British North America?
|
Republicanism
1. Republicanism celebrated active participation in public life by economically independent citizens. 2. Republicanism held virtue-meaning a willingness to subordinate self-interest to the public good-to be crucial in public life. 3. Republicanism in Britain was associated with the Country Party, which criticized Britain's loss of virtue. Liberalism Liberalism 1. Liberalism was strongly influenced by the philosopher John Locke. 2. Lockean ideas included individual rights, the consent of the governed, and the right of rebellion against unjust or oppressive government. 3. Locke's ideas excluded many from freedom's full benefits in the eighteenth century, but they opened the door for many to challenge the limitations on their own freedom later. 4. Republicanism and liberalism eventually reinforced each other. |
|
|
What key events sharpened the divisions between Britain and the colonists in the late 1760s and early 1770s?
|
• Because of Seven Years War, British government started various acts
• The colonists thought this was violating their rights as British citizens, felt used as cash cows • People started to value stuff made from America instead of England • Tea act led to Boston Tea Party. This was one of many uprisings |
|
|
What key events marked the move toward American independence?
|
The Stamp Act/ The Tea Act
The Boston Tea Party The First Continental Congress meeting The Second Continental Congress Declaration of Indepedence |
|
|
Patrick Henry proclaimed that he was not a Virginian, but rather an American. What unified the colonists and what divided them at the time of the Revolution?
|
• The colonists in general were angry at the way they were treated and the tax laws.
• Some still felt the pride of being British and didn’t want to be on opposites side of the mother country, also how could they possibly fight against them? |
