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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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WHAT DOES THE URINARY SYSTEM CONSIT OF?
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2 KIDNEYS
2 URETERS 1 UNRINARY BLADDER 1 URETHRA |
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WHAT IS THE LOCATION OF THE KIDNEYS?
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RETOPERITONEAL
BETWEEN VETEBRAE T12 AND L3 RIGHT KIDNEY IS INFERIOR COMPAREED TO LEFT KIDNEY |
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEYS?
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RBC PRODUCTION
BLOOD PRESSURE CALCIUM ABSORPTION VOLUME, COMPOSITION, AND PH OF BLOOD |
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WHAT ARE THE 3 LAYERS OF THE FAT AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
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INNER'MOST: FRENAL CAPSULE
MIDDLE: ADIPOSE CAPSULE OUTERMOST: RENAL FASCIA |
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TH RENAL CAPSULE IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE _____________.
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FIBROUS TUNIC
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THE RENAL FASCIA ANCHORS THE ________ TO THE BODY WALL AND DIAPHRAGM.
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KIDNEYS
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WHAT GLANDS ARE SUPERIOR TO THE KIDNEYS?
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ADRENAL GLANDS
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WHAT STRUCTURE LEADS FROM EACH KIDNEY TO TH URINARY BLADDER?
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URETERS
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WHAT TERM REFERS TO FLOATING KIDNEY?
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NEPHROPTOSIS
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WHAT PART OF THE KIDNEY IS CONCAVE, ON THE MEDIAL SIDE AND CONTAINS THE RENAL ARTERY AND VEIN AND URETER
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HILUS
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WHAT IS THE OUTER PORTION OF THE KIDNEY CALLED?
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CORTEX
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WHERE ARE THE PYRAMIDS LOCATED IN THE KIDNEY?
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MEDULLA
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HOW MANY RENAL PYRAMIDS ARE IN A KIDNEY?
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6 TO 18
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WHAT IS AT THE TIP OF EACH KIDNEY?
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RENAL PAPILLA
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WHAT IS THE WIDENED AREA OF THE URTER CALLED?
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RENAL PELVIS
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CUP-LIKE STRUCTURE THAT SURROUNDS PAPILLA OF EACH PYRAMID
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MINOR CALYX
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FOUR OR MORE MINOR CALYX JOIN TO FORM THE ________---
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MAJOR CALYX
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INFLAMMATION OF THE RENAL CORTEX...BACTERIAL INFECTION
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GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
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FUNCTION OF THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES
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REABSOPTION
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FUNCTION OF THE LOOP OF HENLE
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REABSOPTION
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FUNCTION DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
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SECRETION AND SOME REABSORPTION
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WHAT DOES THE COLLECTING SYSTEM DO?
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TRANSPORTS TUBULAR FLUID TO PELVIS
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WHAT DO COLLECTING DUCTS DO>?
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RECEIEVE TUBULAR FLUID FROM MANY NEPHONS
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WHAT EMPTIES INTO PAPILLARY DUCTS?
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SECERAL COLLECTING DUCTS
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THAT IS THE URINE PATHWAY?
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COLLECTING DUCTES---PAPPILLARY DUCTS---MINOR CALYX---MAJOR CALYS---RENAL PELVIS---URETER---URINARY BLADDER---URETER---OUTSIDE OF BODY
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JGA=
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MACULA DENSA+JUXTAGLOMERULAR
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WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF JGA
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SECRETES EPO
SECRETES RENIN |
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WHAEN BP IS TOO LOW JG CELLS SECRETE _____
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RENIN
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2 CAPILLARY BEDS:
GLOMERULUS= PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIED/VASA RECTA= |
FILTRATION
REABSORPTION |
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EFFERENT ARTERIOLE GOES _______
AFFERENT ARTERIOLE GOES _______ |
OUT
IN |
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BP IS ______ IN THE GLOMERULUS
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ELEVATED
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MORE RESISTANCE TO FLOW ____ OF THE GLOMERULES THEN GOING ___ THE GLOMERULUS
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OUT
IN |
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CORTICAL NEPHRONS ARE ___% OF NEPHRONS
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80
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CORTICAL NEPHRONS ARE LOCATED___________
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CLOSE TO THE SURFACE OF THE KIDNEY
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JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS REGULATE
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WATER BLANCE
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JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS ARE LOCARED
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NEAR THE RENAL MEDULLA
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GLOMERULAR FILTRATION+ TUBULAR SERECRIN-TUBLAR REABSORPTION=
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URINARY EXCRETION
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GLOMERULAR FILTRATION IS WHEN ______________
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SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM THE BLOOD TO THE BOWMANS CAPSULE
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TUBULAR REABSORPTION IS WHEN_________
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SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM RENAL TUBULES INTO THE BLOOD OF THE PERITUBULAR CAPPILLARIES.
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TUBULAR SECRETION IS WHEN____________
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SUBSTANCES MOVE FROM BLOOD OF PERITUBLAR CAPPILLARIED INTO THE RENAL TUBULE
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TUBULAR SECRETION REMOVES
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HYDROGEN IONS AND CERTAIN TOXINS
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THE FIRST STEP IN URINE FORMATION IS
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FILTRATION OF SUBSTANCES OUT OF THE GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES INTO THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE
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GLOMERULA FILTRATE PASSES THROUGH_____
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THE FENESTRAE OF THE CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM
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NEP=
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FORCE FAVORING FILTRATION-FORCES OPPOSING FILTRATION
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GFR IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE
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NFP
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WHAT ARE THE 3 MECHANISMS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR KEEPING GFR CONSTANT
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1. INCREASE SNS IMPULSES DECREASE GFR BY CAUSING AFFERENT ARTERIOLES TO CONSTRICT
2. COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF THE GLOMERULAR PLASMA 3. HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE IN THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE |
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GFR= _____ML/MIN----->_____LITERS/DAY
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125
180 |
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SHOCK, HEMORRHAGE------>
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DECREASE BP=DECREASE GFR
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HEART FAILURE-----> KIDNEY FAILURE---->
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DECREASE GFR
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PROSTATE ENLARGEMENT----->URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION----.
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INCREASE TUBULAR PRESSURE AND DECREASES GFR
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HYPERTENSION
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INCREASES BP AND INCREASES GFR
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HUMANS PRODUCE _____ LITERS OF URINE DAILY
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1.5
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_____- LITERS REABSORBED BACK INTO THE BLOOD
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178.5
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TUBULAR REABSORPTION REABSORBS _____ AND _____
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NA+ AND H2O
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OSMOSIS REABSORBS WATER FUE TO:
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT REABSORBING NA AND OTHER SUSTANCES
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REABSORTION IS ____% OF FILTRATE IS REABSORBES
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99
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WHICH SUBSTANCES ARE REABSORBED IN TUBULAR REABSORTION?
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H20, IONS AND GLUCOSE
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REABSORTIONS OCCURS BY ________,_____, _____, ____
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ACTIVE TRANSPORT
FACILITED DIFFUSION DIFFUSTION OSMOSIS |
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IN DCT:
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POTASSIUM OR HYDROGEN IONS MAY BE PASSIVELY SECRETED IN RESPONSE TO ACTIVE REABSOPTION OD SODIUM IONS
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FILTRATION HAPPENS IN THE
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GUMANE AND BOWMANS CAPSULE
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REABSORTIONS HAPPENS IN THE
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PROXIMAL AND DISTAL TUBLES
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SECREATION HAPPENS IN THE ____________
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DISTAL TUBLES
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SECRETION OCCURS IN THE
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DISTAL CONVOLOED TUBULES
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tKAING FROM BLOOD BACK INTO THE TUBULE
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SECRETION
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SECRETION RIDS BODY OF _______ AND CONTROLS _______
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CERTAIN MATERIALS
BLOOD PH BY SECRETION OF H+ + NH4----> URINE |
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THE NORMAL PH IN BLOOD IS
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6.0
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THE DCT AND COLLECTING DUCTS ARE ______ TO WATER
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IMPERMEABLE
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IF ADH IS PRESENT:
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THESE SEGMENTS BECOME PERMEABLE AND EATER IS REABSORBED BY OSMOSIS INTO THE HYPERTONIC MEDULLARY INTERSTITIAL FLUID.
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ADH IS RELEASE FROM THE __________
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PITUITAY GLAND
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ADH PRMOTES ___________ OF WATER
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REABSORBTION
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IF SOLUTE CONCENTRATION IS TOO HIGH:
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HYPOTHALAMUS ---POSTERIOE PITUITARY GLAND----INCREASES PLASMA ADH----INCREASES H2O REABSORPTION
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IF SOLUTE CONCENTRATION IS TOO LOW:
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LESS ADH IS SECRETED----WATER REABSORTION AND BLOOD BECOMES CONCENTRARED
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DIABETES INSIPIDUS HAPPENS WHEN THERE IS A
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DEFICIENCY OF ADH
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WHAT HELPS MAINTAIN THE NACL CONCERNTRATION GRADIENT IN THE MEDULLARY INTERSTITIAL FLUID
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COUNTERCURRENT MULTIPLIER
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FLUID IN THE ASCENDING LIMB:
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BECOMES HYPOTMIC AS SOLUTE IS REABSORBED
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FLUID IN DESCENDING LIMB:
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BECOMES HYPERTOIC AS IT LOSES WATER BY OSMOSIS
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URINE COMPOSTION IS ____% WATER
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95
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URINE COMPOSITION USUALLY CONTAINS
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UREA, URIC ACID AND CREATINE
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URINE COMPOSITION MAY ALSO CONTAIN
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TRACE AMOUNTS OF AMINO ACIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
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URINE COMPOSITION VOLUME VARIES WITH
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FLUID INTAKE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
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URINE PH:
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4.5-8.0
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URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY:
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1.003-1.030
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URINE WATER CONTENT:
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95%
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URINE VOLUME
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1.5 L/DAILY
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BY PRODUCT OF AMINO ACID CATABLOLISM AND BY PRODUCE OF BREAKING DOWN OF PROTEINS
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UREA
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PRODUCE OF NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM AND COMES FROM BREAKING DOWN OF NUCLEIC ACIDS
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URIC ACID
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THE RATE AT WHICH CHEMICALS ARE REMOVED FORM PLASMA IS CALLED _________
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RENAL CLEARANCE
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WHAT ARE THE TEST OF RENAL CLEAREANCE
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INULIN CLREARANC ETEST
CREATIN CLEARANCE TEST AMINO HIPPORIC ACID TEST |
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WHAT DO URETERS DO
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CARRY URINE TO BLADDER
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THE URINARY BLADDERS IS _______ TO THE SYMPHYSIS PUBIS AND ____ TO THE PARIETAL PERIOMNEUM
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POSTERIOR
INFERIOR |
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3 OPENINGS OF THE URINARY BLADDER WHERE URETERS COME IN AND THE URETHRA EMPTIES
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TRIGONE
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THE _______ IS MADE OF TRANSITONAL EPITHELIUM AND ALLOWS THE BLADDER TO _____
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MUCOSA
STRETCH |
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THE MUSCULARIS ALLOWS THE BLADDER TO
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CONTRACT
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THE INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER IS UNDER ______ CONTROL AND IS THE CICULAR LAYER AND NECK OF THE _________
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INVOLUNTARY
URUNARY BLADDER |
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THE TUBE THAT CONVEYS URINE FROM THE URINARY BLADDER TO THE OUTSIDE OF THE BODY.
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URETHRA
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EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER IS MADE OF ______MUSCLE
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SKELETAL
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EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER IS UNDER ______ MOVEMENT
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VOLUNTARY
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MICTURITION MEANS
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URINATION
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MICTURITION REFLEX =
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COORDINATES URINATION
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YOU HAVE THE URGE TO URINATE WHEN_________
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200 ML OF URINE IS IN THE URINARY BLADDER
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URINARY BLADDER CAN HOLD
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1L OF URIN
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PROTEINONIA
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PROTEINI N THE URINE
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POLYNIA
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EXCESSIVE URINE OUTPUT
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DIVRESIS
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INCREASE EXCERT ION OF URINE
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OLIGUIA
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INSUFFUCNTT URINE OUTPUT
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DYSONIA
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PAINFUL URINATION
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PROKINUNIA
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LOTS OF PROTEINS IN URINE
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HEMATORIA
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BLOOD IN URINE
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ASPARAGUS URINE
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DUE TO MERCAPTAN
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AN AVERAGE ADULT MALE HAS ________ LITERS OF WATER AND ____ ARE INTRACELLULAR AND ____ARE EXTRA CELLULAR
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40
2/3 1/3 |
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THE TOTAL BODY WATER US DIVIDED INTO 2 AREA
INTRACELLULAR FLUID CONTAINS ___% EXTRACELLULAR FLUID CONTAINS ___% |
63
37 |
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EXTRACELLULAR FLUID HAVE HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF:
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SODIUM, CALCIUM, CHLORIDE AND BICARBONATE IONS
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INTRACELLULAR FLUID HAVE HIGH CONCERTRATIONS OF
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POTASSIUM, MAGNESUM, PHOSPHATE AND SULFATE IONS
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WATER BALANCE IS REGULATED THROUGH THE PRODUCTION OF
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URINE
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WATER INTAKE INCLUDES:
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METABOLISM, MOIST FOODS, AND WTAER BEVERAGES
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WATER LOSS INCLUDES:
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SWEAT, FECES, WATER LOST THROUGH SKIN AND LUNGS, WATER LOST IN URINE
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REGULATING THE RELEASE OF ____ IS IMPORTANT FOR THE REGULATION OF WATER ____
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ADH
OUTPUT |
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DEHYDRATION CASUES ADH LEVELS TO______
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INCREASE FOR KIDNEYS TO REABSORB WATER
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EXCESS WATER INTAKE CASUES ADH LEVELS TO
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DECREASE KIDNEY REABSOPTION AND INCREASES WATER TO ALL TO URINATE
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SOURCE OF ELECTROLYTES
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FOOD, FLUID, METOBLIC REACTIONS
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LOSS OD ELECTROLYTES
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URINE
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HYPOSECRETION
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LEADS TO EXCESSIVE WATER INCREASE AND SALT LOSS FROM KIDNEYS AND INCREASE IN POTASSIUM RETENTION
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HYPERSECRETION
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KIDNEYS RETAIN SOUDIUM AND POTASSIUM LOSS
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STRONG ACIDS REALEASE
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H+ MORE COMPLETELY
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WEAK ACIDS
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IONIZE LESS COMPLETLY AND REALEAS FEW H+
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STRONG BASES
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IONIZE MORE COMPLETLY AND REALEAS MORE OH-
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WEAK BASES
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RELEASE FEWER OH-
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REGULATIONS OF HYDROGEN IONS
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ACID BASE BUFFER SYSTEM
RESPORATORY EXCERTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE RENAL EVCRETION OF HYDROGEN IONS |
