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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
in which region are the palatine tonsils found? |
oropharynx |
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What part of the larynex covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages |
Epiglottis |
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During the Valsalva's maneuver, what part of the larynx closes to increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as to help with defecation? |
glottis |
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Which cartilage belonging to the larynx anchors the vocal cords?
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Arytenoid Cartelages |
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What respiratory Structure is more commonly known as the "throat"? |
Pharynx |
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What part of the upper respiratory system is also known as the "Guardian of the airways" |
Epiglottis |
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Jane had been suffering through a severe cold and was complaining of a frontal headache and a dull, aching pain at the side of her face. What regions are likely to become sites of secondary infection following nasal infection? |
paranasal sinuses
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Why do patients with Rhinitis often have "watery eyes"? |
the infection has caused inflammation of the nasolacrimal ducts |
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Why do Adenoids normally destroy pathogens? |
Because they contain Lymphocytes |
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What does the loudness of a person's voice depend on? |
Force with which air rushes across vocal folds |
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What maintains the patency (openness) of the Trachea? |
C-shaped cartilage rings |
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What does the Auditory Tube drain into? |
Nasopharynx |
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What type of Cartilage does the Larynx contain? |
Thyroid Cartilage |
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Why do particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs? |
ciliated mucous lining in the nose |
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True or False. The olfactory mucosal lining of the nasal cavity contains the receptors for the sense of smell. |
True |
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True or False. The functions of the nasal conchae are to enhance the air turbulence in the cavity and to increase the mucosal surface area exposed to the air. |
True |
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True or False. Tracheal obstruction is life threatening. |
True |
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Larynx |
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List the organs of the upper Respiratory Tract |
Nasal Cavity Pharnx Larynx |
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List of organs from Lower Respiratory Tract |
Trachea, Primary (main) Bronchus, Secondary (lobar) Bronchus, Tertiary (segmental) Bronchus, Bronchioles, Terminal Bronchioles, Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, Alveoli |
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Why would cartilage be absent at the posterior aspect of the trachea? |
Allows expansion of the esophagus when food is swallowed |
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what is the Adventitia |
Outer most layer of bronchus. |
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what do the walls of the Alveoli consist of? |
Simple Squamous Epithelium and a sparse Lamina Propria containing elastic fibers and pulmonary capillaries |
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moving down the bronchial tree does the Airway Diameter increase or decrease? |
Decrease |
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moving down the bronchial tree does the number of airways increase or decrease? |
Increase |
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moving down the bronchial tree, does the total surface area, provided by airway walls increase or decrease? |
Increase |
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moving down the bronchial tree does the thickness of the airway walls increase or decrease? |
Decrease |
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moving down the bronchial tree does the amount of hyaline cartilage in the airways increase of decrease? |
Decrease |
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moving down the bronchial tree does the relative amount of smooth muscle in the airways walls increase or decrease? |
Increase |
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moving down the bronchial tree does the height of the epithelial cells lining the airways increase or decrease |
Decrease |
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how many microscopic alveoli are in each lung? |
150 million |
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What accurs in the respiratory membrane |
Gas exchange |
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list the layers of the respiratory membrane in the order through which CO2 diffuses |
Capillary Endothelium, Fused Basement Membrane, Alveolar Epithelium |
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List the layers of the respiratory membrane in the order through which O2 diffuses |
Alveolar Epithelium, Fused Basement Membrane, Capillary Endothelium |
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What cells normally keep the alveolar surfaces sterile? |
Alveolar Macrophages |
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what are the simple squamous epithelial cells called, that form only one layer of the respiratory memebrane |
Type 1 alveolar cells |
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What cell secretes alveolar fluid, which coats the inner surfaces of the alveoli |
Type 2 Alveolar Cells |
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What keeps the apical surface of the alveolar epithelium moist |
Alveolar Fluid |
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what is the detergent-like complex of amphipathic lipids and proteins that reduces surface tension called |
Surfactant |
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what contains surfactant? |
Alveolar Fluid |
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what is the condition called when a premature baby is born without enough surfactant in their lungs, causing the alveoli to collapse after each expiration. |
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) |
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what kind of membrane is in each pleural cavity |
Serous Membrane |
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what is the portion of the pleura lining the wall of the pleural cavity called |
Porietal Pleura |
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what is the portion of the pleura covering the lung called |
Viseral Pleura |
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what type of epithelium is serous membranes composed of? |
Simple Squamous Epithelium |
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what type of connective tissue is serouse membranes composed of |
Areolar Connective Tissue |
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what is each lobe of a lung divided into? |
Bronchopulmonary Segments |
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What is the indention in an organ called, through which vessels and nerves enter and exit the organs |
Hilum |
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what vessels are at the root of the lung @ Hilum |
Left/Right Main Bronchus Left/Right Pulmonary Artery Left/Right Pulmonary Vein |
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what is the exchange of respiratory gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries called |
External Repiration |
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what is the exchange of respiratory gases between the blood in the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid in the body tissues called |
Internal Respiration |
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what is atmospheric pressure ant sea level? |
760 mmHg
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what is the individual pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases called |
Partial pressure |
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what is directly proportional to concentration |
Partial Pressure |
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what does the rate of external respiration depend on |
Partial Pressure Gradient (directly Related) Gas Solubility (directly related) Surface Area Available For Gas Exchange (Directly Related) Diffusion Distance (Inversely Related) |
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what is it called when the alveolar walls disintegrate, decreasing the surface area across which gas exchange can occur and decreasing external respiration rate. |
Emphysema |