Upper Extremety

Front 1

Trapezius Origin

Back 1

1. Medial part of superior nuchal line.

2. Ligamentum Nuchae

3. Thoracic spinous processes

4. Supraspinous ligament

Front 2

Trapezius Insertion

Back 2

1. Lateral part of the clavicle

2. Acromion

3. Spine of the scapula

Front 3

Trapezius Innervation

Back 3

Motor from spinal portion of accessory nerve, CN XI

Front 4

Trapezius Action

Back 4

1. Acting as a whole, trapezius rotates scapula upward

2. upper trap rotates scapula upward

3. middle trap retracts (adducts) scapula

4. Lower trap depresses and upwardly rotates scapula

Front 5

Latissimus Dorsi Origin

Back 5

1. Spinous processes of T7-T12

2. Lumbar Aponeurosis (throaco lumbar fascia)

3. Crest of ilium

4. Lower 3 or 4 ribs

5. Inferior angle of scapula

Front 6

Latissimus Dorsi Insertion

Back 6

Floor of Bicipital groove of humerus

Front 7

Latissimus Dorsi Innervation

Back 7

Throacodorsal Nerve

Front 8

Latissimus Dorsi Action

Back 8

1. Shoulder extension

2. Shoulder internal rotation

3. Shoulder Adduction

4. Can contribute to scapular depression and retraction

Front 9

Levator Scapulae origin

Back 9

Transverse processes of C1-C4

Front 10

Leavtor Scapulae Insertion

Back 10

Vertebral border between the spine and the superior angle of scapula

Front 11

Levator scapulae Innervation

Back 11

Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 12

Levator scapulae action

Back 12

1. Elevation of scapula

2. Downward rotation of scapula

Front 13

Rhomboid Minor origin

Back 13

Spinous processes of C7-T1

Front 14

Rhomboid Minor Insertion

Back 14

Vertebral border of scapula at base of spine

Front 15

Rhomboid Minor Innervation

Back 15

Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 16

Rhomboid Minor Action

Back 16

1. Downward Rotation of scapula

2. Retraction(adduction) of scapula

3. Elevation of scapula

Front 17

Rhomboid Major Origin

Back 17

Spinous processes of T2-T5

Front 18

Rhomboid Major Insertion

Back 18

Vertebral border below the rhomboid minor to the inferior angle

Front 19

Rhomboid Major Innervation

Back 19

Dorsal scapular nerve

Front 20

Serratus Posterior Superior Origin

Back 20

Spinous processes of C7-T12

Front 21

Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion

Back 21

Upper ribs

Front 22

Serratus Posterior Superior Innervation

Back 22

Intercostal nerves T2-T5 (ventral rami)

Front 23

Serratus Posterior Superior Action

Back 23

Assists in lifting ribs in inspiration

Front 24

Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin

Back 24

Spinous Processes T11-L2

Front 25

Serratus Posterior Inferior Instertion

Back 25

Lower Ribs

Front 26

Serratus Posterior Inferior Innervation

Back 26

Intercostal nerves T9-T12 (ventral Rami)

Front 27

Serratus Posterior Inferior Action

Back 27

Unclear, May hold lower ribs down during inspiration

Front 28

Serratus Anterior Origin

Back 28

Digitations from ribs 1-8

Front 29

Serratus Anterior Insertion

Back 29

1. Vertebral border on costal surface of scapula

2. Inferior angle of scapula

Front 30

Serratus Anterior Innervation

Back 30

1. Long thoracic nerve

Front 31

Serratus Anterior Action

Back 31

1. Scapula protraction (abduction)

2. Rotates scapula upward

Front 32

Deltoid Origin

Back 32

1. Lower margin of scapular spine

2. Acromion

3. Lower margin of lateral 1/3 of clavicle

Front 33

Deltoid Insertion

Back 33

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Front 34

Deltoid Innervation

Back 34

Axillary nerve

Front 35

Deltoid Action

Back 35

1. As a whole stabilizes Glenohumeral joint

2. Anterior fibers: shoulder flexion and horizontal adduction

3. Middle fibers: shoulder abduction

4. Posterior fibers: Shoulder extension and horizontal abduction

Front 36

Subscapularis Origin

Back 36

Costal surface of scapula

Front 37

Subscapularis Insertion

Back 37

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Front 38

Subscapularis Innervation

Back 38

Upper and lower Subscapular nerves

Front 39

Subscapularis Action

Back 39

1. Stabilizes glenohumeral joint

2. Shoulder internal rotation

Front 40

Supraspinatus Origin

Back 40

Supraspinous fossa

Front 41

Supraspinatus Instertion

Back 41

Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 42

Supraspinatus Innervation

Back 42

Suprascapular nerve

Front 43

Supraspinatus action

Back 43

1. Stabalizes glenohumeral joint

2. Shoulder abduction

3. Depresses humeral head during abduction

Front 44

Infraspinatus Origin

Back 44

Infraspinatus fossa

Front 45

Infraspinatus Insertion

Back 45

Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 46

Infraspinatus Innervation

Back 46

Suprascapular Nerve

Front 47

Infraspinatus Action

Back 47

1. Stabalizes glenohumeral joint

2. Shoulder external rotation

Front 48

Teres Minor Origin

Back 48

Lateral border of scapula, above Teres Major

Front 49

Teres Minor Insertion

Back 49

Lesser aspect of greater tubercle of humerus

Front 50

Teres Minor Innervation

Back 50

Axillary Nerve

Front 51

Teres Minor Action

Back 51

1. Stabilizes glenohumeral joint

2. External rotation of the shoulder

Front 52

Teres Major Origin

Back 52

Lower lateral border of scapula as far as inferior angle

Front 53

Teres Major Insertion

Back 53

Medial lip of bicipital groove

Front 54

Teres Major Innervation

Back 54

Lower Subscapular Nerve

Front 55

Teres Major Action

Back 55

1. Shoulder internal rotation

2. Shoulder adduction

3. Shoulder extension

Front 56

Coracobrachialis Origin

Back 56

Coracoid process

Front 57

Coracobrachialis Insertion

Back 57

Middle shaft of Humerus

Front 58

Coracobrachialis Innervation

Back 58

Musculocutaneous nerve

Front 59

Coracobrachialis Action

Back 59

1. Shoulder flexion

2. Shoulder adduction

Front 60

Biceps Brachii Origin

Back 60

1. Short head: coracoid process

2. Long head: supraglenoid tubercle (bends with labrum)

Front 61

Biceps Brachii Insertion

Back 61

Radial tuberosity

Front 62

Biceps Brachii Innervation

Back 62

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Front 63

Biceps Brachii Action

Back 63

1. Elbow Flexion

2. Forearm supination

3. Shoulder Flexion

Front 64

Biceps Brachii Notes

Back 64

-Tendinous Origin of long head runs in fibrous capsule of GH joint (enclosed in synovial membrane) Travels in biciptal groove, held down by transverse humeral ligament

-Two tendons fuse into one muscle belly

-Prior to insertion gives off bicipital aponeurosis medially which fuses with deep fascia

-In 10% a third head can be found arising from the humerus

Front 65

Brachialis Origin

Back 65

Lower, anterior humerus

Front 66

Brachialis Insertion

Back 66

Coronoid Process

Front 67

Brachialis Innervation

Back 67

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Possible dual innervation from radial nerve

Front 68

Brachialis Action

Back 68

Elbow Flexor in both supination and pronation

Front 69

Triceps Brachii Origin

Back 69

1. Long head: Infraglendoid tubercle

2. Lateral head: Posterior humerus above spiral groove

3. Medial Head: Posterior humerus below spiral groove

Front 70

Triceps Brachii Insertion

Back 70

Olecranon Process

Front 71

Triceps Brachii Innervation

Back 71

Radial Nerve

Front 72

Triceps Brachii Action

Back 72

1. Elbow extension

2. Long head can adduct and extend shoulder

Front 73

Triceps Brachii Notes

Back 73

Posterior compartment

Long head runs anterior to teres minor and poster to teres major

Long and lateral heads form the superficial part of the muscle

Front 74

Anconeus Origin

Back 74

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Front 75

Anconeus Insertion

Back 75

1. Lateral surface of olecranon

2. Lateral Ulna

Front 76

Anconeus Innervation

Back 76

Radial nerve

Front 77

Anconeus Action

Back 77

Extention of elbow

Front 78

Pectoralis Major Origin

Back 78

1. Medial 1/3 of clavicle

2. Sternum, upper 6 costal cartilages

3. Aponeurosis of external oblique

Front 79

Pectoralis Major Insertion

Back 79

Lateral lip of bicipital groove

1. Clavicular fibers insert lower part of groove

2. sternal fibers insert to upper part of groove

Front 80

Pectoralis Major Innervation

Back 80

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Front 81

Pectoralis Major Action

Back 81

1. Shoulder adduction

2. Shoulder flexion

3. Shoulder internal rotation

Front 82

Pectoralis minor origin

Back 82

ribs 2-5

Front 83

Pectoralis Minor Insertion

Back 83

Coracoid process of scapula

Front 84

Pectoralis Minor Innervation

Back 84

Medial and Lateral pectoral nerves

Front 85

Pectoralis Minor Action

Back 85

1. protraction of scapula

2. scapular depression

Front 86

Subclavius Origin

Back 86

First rib

Front 87

Subclavius Insertion

Back 87

Clavicle

Front 88

Subclavius Innervation

Back 88

nerve to subclavius

Front 89

Subclavius Action

Back 89

Elevation of first rib

Front 90

Pronator Teres Origin

Back 90

1. Medial epicondyle (common flexor origin)

2. Coronoid process of ulna

Front 91

Pronator Teres Insertion

Back 91

Mid-radius

Front 92

Pronator Teres Innervation

Back 92

Median Nerve

median nerve passes between heads

Front 93

Pronator Teres Action

Back 93

1. Pronation of forearm

2. Weak flexor of elbow

Front 94

Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin

Back 94

Medial Epicondyle (common flexor origin)

Front 95

Flexor Carpi radialis Insertion

Back 95

Base of 2nd metacarple

Front 96

Flexor Carpi Radialis Innervation

Back 96

Median Nerve

Front 97

Flexor Carpi Radialis Action

Back 97

1. Wrist flexion

2. Wrist radial deviation (with extensor carpi radialis longus)

Front 98

Palmaris Longus Origin

Back 98

Medial Epicondyle (common flexor origin)

Front 99

Palmaris Longus Insertion

Back 99

Palmar aponeurosis

Front 100

Palmaris Longus Innervation

Back 100

Median Nerve

Front 101

Palmaris Longus Action

Back 101

Wrist Flexion

Front 102

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin

Back 102

2 heads

1. Medial Epicondyle (common flexor origin)

2. Posterior border of upper ulna

Front 103

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion

Back 103

1. Pisiform

2. Hamate

3. Base of 5th metacarple

Front 104

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Innervation

Back 104

Ulnar nerve

Front 105

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action

Back 105

1. Wrist Flexion

2. Ulnar deviation of wrist (with extensor carpi ulnaris)

Front 106

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin

Back 106

1. Medial epicondyle (common flexor origin) and coronoid process

2. Upper radius

Front 107

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Insertion

Back 107

4 tendons insert on each side of base of the middle phalanx, tendons split to allow profundus tendon to pass through

Front 108

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Innervation

Back 108

Median Nerve

Front 109

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Notes

Back 109

Tendons lie in a common synovial sheath under flexor retinaculum that is shared with the flexor digitorum profundus

Middle and ring finger tendons are above index and little finger tendons.

Front 110

Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin

Back 110

1. Middle radius

2. Interosseous Membrane

Front 111

Flexor Pollicis Longus Insertion

Back 111

Base of Distal phalanx of thumb

Front 112

Flexor Pollicis Longus Innervation

Back 112

Median Nerve (anterior interosseous nerve)

Front 113

Flexor Pollicis Longus Action

Back 113

1. Flexes distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint

2. Flexes Proximal phalanx of thumb at MCP joint

Front 114

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Origin

Back 114

1. Upper 3/4 of ulna

Front 115

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Insertion

Back 115

Base of distal phalanx

Front 116

Flexor Digitorum profundus Innervation

Back 116

1. Median nerve to muscles going to digits 2 and 3 (anterior interosseous nerve)

2. Ulnar nerve to muscles going to digits 4 and 5

Front 117

Flexor Digitorum Profundus Action

Back 117

Flexes distal phalanx

Front 118

Pronator Quadratus Origin

Back 118

Distal Ulna

Front 119

Pronator Quadratus Insertion

Back 119

Distal Radius

Front 120

Pronator Quadratus Innervation

Back 120

Median Nerve

Front 121

Pronator Quadratus Action

Back 121

Pronation of the forearm

Front 122

Palmaris Brevis Origin

Back 122

Hypothenar fascia

Front 123

Palmaris Brevis Insertion

Back 123

Skin of ulnar border of the hand

Front 124

Palmaris Brevis Innervation

Back 124

Ulnar Nerve

Front 125

Palmaris Brevis Action

Back 125

1. Moves Skin

2. Improves contour for grip

Front 126

Lumbricals Origin

Back 126

From radial side of tendons of flexor digitorum profundus muscle while leaving common tendon sheath

Front 127

Lumbricals Insertion

Back 127

Extensor hood (aponeurosis)

Front 128

Lumbricals Innervation

Back 128

1. Median Nerve to lumbricals 1 and 2

2. Ulnar Nerve to lumbricals 3 and 4

Front 129

Lumbricals Action

Back 129

Flexion of Metacarpophalangeal joints with extension of IP joints

Front 130

Adductor Pollicis Origin

Back 130

2 heads

1. Transverse from 3rd metacarpal

2. Oblique from base of metacarpals 1, 2, 3

Front 131

Adductor Pollicis Insertion

Back 131

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 132

Adductor Pollicis Innervation

Back 132

Ulnar Nerve

Front 133

Adductor Pollicis Action

Back 133

Adduction of the thumb

Front 134

Palmar Interossei Origin

Back 134

Each has 1 head arising from the adjacent metacarpal.

1st interossei from ulnar side of 2nd metacarpal

2nd interossei from radial side of 4th metacarpal

3rd interossei from radial side of 5th metacarpal

Front 135

Palmar Interossei Insertion

Back 135

Extensor aponeurosis

Front 136

Palmar Interossei Innervation

Back 136

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

Front 137

Palmar Interossei Action

Back 137

1. Adduction and flexion at metacarpophalangeal joint

2. Extension at interphalangeal joint

Front 138

Dorsal Interossei Origin

Back 138

Each interossei has 2 heads arising from the adjacent metacarpal

Front 139

Dorsal Interossei Insertion

Back 139

Proximal phalanx and extensor tendon (hood)

1st interossei to radial side of index finger

2nd interossei to radial side of middle finger

3rd interossei to ulnar side of middle finger

4th interossei to ulnar side of ring finger

Front 140

Dorsal Interossei Innervation

Back 140

Ulnar Nerve

Front 141

Dorsal Interossei Action

Back 141

1. Abduction and flexion at metacarpopharangeal joint

2. Extension at Interpharangeal joint

Front 142

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Origin

Back 142

1. Distal Border of flexor retinaculum

2. Trapezium

Front 143

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Insertion

Back 143

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 144

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Innervation

Back 144

Recurrent branch of median nerve

Front 145

Abductor Pollicis Brevis Action

Back 145

Abducts thumb

Front 146

Flexor Pollicis Brevis Origin

Back 146

2 heads

Superficial head: distal flexor retinaculum and trapezium

Deep head: trapezoid

Front 147

Flexor Pollicis Brevis Insertion

Back 147

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 148

Flexor Pollicis Brevis Innervation

Back 148

1. Superficial head: recurrent branch of median nerve

2. Deep head: Ulnar nerve

Front 149

Flexor Pollicis Brevis Action

Back 149

Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint

Front 150

Opponens Pollicis Origin

Back 150

1. Flexor retinaculum

2. Trapezius

Front 151

Opponens Pollicis Insertion

Back 151

1st metacarpal

Front 152

Opponens Pollicis Innervation

Back 152

Recurrent branch of median nerve

Front 153

Opponens Pollicis Action

Back 153

Opposition of thumb (movement at carpometacarpal joint)

Front 154

Abductor Digiti Minimi Origin

Back 154

1. Pisiform bone

2. Adjacent tendons of flexor carpi ulnaris

Front 155

Abductor Digiti Minimi Insertion

Back 155

Base of proximal phalanx of little finger

Front 156

Abductor Digiti Minimi Innervation

Back 156

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

Front 157

Abductor Digiti Minimi Action

Back 157

Abducts little finger

Front 158

Flexor Digiti Minimi Origin

Back 158

1. Flexor retinaculum

2. Hamate

Front 159

Flexor Digiti Minimi Insertion

Back 159

Proximal phalanx of little finger

Front 160

Flexor Digiti Minimi Innervation

Back 160

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

Front 161

Flexor Digiti Minimi Action

Back 161

Flexes metacarpophalangeal joint

Front 162

Opponens Digiti Minimi Origin

Back 162

1. Distal flexor retinaculum

2. Hook of hamate

Front 163

Opponens Digiti Minimi Insertion

Back 163

5th metacarpal

Front 164

Opponens Digiti Minimi Innervation

Back 164

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

Front 165

Opponens Digiti Minimi Action

Back 165

Opposition of the little finger

Front 166

Brachioradialis Origin

Back 166

Upper lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Front 167

Brachioradialis Insertion

Back 167

lateral radius above styloid process

Front 168

Brachioradialis Innervation

Back 168

Radial nerve

Front 169

Brachioradialis Action

Back 169

1. Flexion of forearm in neutral position

2. Supinates pronated forearm

3. Pronates supinated forearm

Front 170

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Origin

Back 170

Lateral Epicondyle

Front 171

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Insertion

Back 171

Base of third metacarple

Front 172

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Innervation

Back 172

Deep branch of radial nerve

Front 173

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Action

Back 173

Wrist extension

Front 174

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin

Back 174

Lower lateral supracondylar ridge

Front 175

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Insertion

Back 175

Base of second metacarple

Front 176

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Innervation

Back 176

Radial Nerve

Front 177

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Action

Back 177

1. Wrist extension

2. Contributes to radial deviation (with flexor carpi radialis)

Front 178

Extensor Digitorum Origin

Back 178

Lateral epicondyle (common extensor hood)

Front 179

Extensor Digitorum Insertion

Back 179

Extensor Hood

Front 180

Extensor Digitorum Innervation

Back 180

Deep branch of the radial nerve

Front 181

Extensor Digitorum Action

Back 181

Extension of all joints of the digits

Front 182

Extensor Digitorum Notes

Back 182

Extensor hood mechanism. 3 or 4 tendons pass under retinaculum. Give off intertendinous connections. 1st and 4th tendons joined by extensor indicis tendon and tendon of extensor digiti minimi an MCP. At MCP the tendons expand laterally to cover the joint and are joined by the insertions of the lumbricals and interossei, forming the extensor aponeurosis (hood). Aponeurosis splits into 3 bands, 2 lateral and 1 central. Central band inserts of the middle phalanx. Lateral bands come togeather as one to insert on the distal phalanx.

Front 183

Extensor Digiti Minimi Origin

Back 183

Lateral Epicondyle (common extensor tendon)

Front 184

Extensor Digiti Minimi Insertion

Back 184

Extensor hood of 5th finger

Front 185

Extensor Digiti Minimi Innervation

Back 185

Deep branch of radial nerve

Front 186

Extensor Digiti Minimi Action

Back 186

Extension of the fifth finger

Front 187

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origin

Back 187

2 heads

1. Lateral epicondyle (common extensor tendon)

2. Middle posterior ulna

Front 188

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion

Back 188

Base of 5th metacarpal

Front 189

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Innervation

Back 189

Deep branch of radial nerve

Front 190

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Action

Back 190

1. Wrist extension

2. Ulnar deviation (with flexor carpi ulnaris)

Front 191

Supinator Origin

Back 191

1. Lateral epicondyle

2. Radial collateral and annular ligaments

3. Supinator crest of the ulna

Front 192

Supinator Insertion

Back 192

Upper radius

Front 193

Supinator Innervation

Back 193

Deep branch of radial nerve

Front 194

Supinator action

Back 194

Supinates the forearm

Front 195

Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin

Back 195

1. Posterior ulna

2. Posterior radius

3. Interosseous membrane

Front 196

Abductor Pollicis Longus Insertion

Back 196

Base of the 1st metacarpal

Front 197

Abductor Pollicis Longus Innervation

Back 197

Deep branch of the radial nerve

Front 198

Abductor Pollicis Longus Action

Back 198

Abducts the thumb

Front 199

Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin

Back 199

1. Distal radius

2. Interosseous membrane

Front 200

Extensor Pollicis Brevis Insertion

Back 200

Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Front 201

Extensor Pollicis Brevis Innervation

Back 201

Deep branch of radial nerve

Front 202

Extensor Pollicis Brevis Action

Back 202

Extends thumb at metacarpopharangeal joint

Front 203

Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin

Back 203

1. Posterior ulna

2. Interosseous membrane (see notes)

Front 204

Extensor Pollicis Longus Insertion

Back 204

Distal Phalanx of thumb

Front 205

Extensor Pollicis Longus Innervation

Back 205

Deep branch of radial nerve

Front 206

Extensor Pollicis Longus Action

Back 206

Extends thumb

Front 207

Extensor Pollicis Longus Notes

Back 207

Origin lines between abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

Front 208

Extensor Indicis Origin

Back 208

Posterior distal ulna

Front 209

Extensor Indicis Insertion

Back 209

Extensor hood of index finger

Front 210

Extensor Indicis Innervation

Back 210

Deep branch of radial nerve

Front 211

Extensor Indicis Action

Back 211

Extension of index finger