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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
102.1
State the purpose of first aid |
TO SAVE LIVES
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102.2
Discuss the following steps in an evaluation of a casualty: |
* Assess the situation
* Keep patient lying down * Identify the injuries * Check for injuries * Keep the victim reassured and comfortable. If possible, do not allow the victim to see the wounds. The victim can endure pain and discomfort better if confident in your abilities. This is important because under normal conditions the Corpsman will not ahve strong pain relief medications right at hand. * Avoid touching open wounds or burns with your fingers or unsterile objects, unless clean compresses and bandages are not available and it is imperative to stop severe bleeding. |
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102.3
Respiratory Problems (Asphyxiation) |
Complete airway obstruction, insufficient oxygen in the air, inability of the blood to carry oxygen (e.g., carbon monoxide poisoning), paralysis of thte berathing center of the brain, and bandages are not available and it is imperative to stop severe bleeding.
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102.3
Hemorrhage (bleeding) |
severe loss of blood
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102.3
Cardiac arrest |
complete stoppage of heart function
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102.3
Fractures |
a break in a bone, may be simple or compound
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102.3
Burns |
exposure to extreme heat that overwhelms the body's defense mechanisms
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102.3
Shock |
collapse of the cardiovascular system
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102.3
Hypovolemic Shock |
Caused by the loss of blood and other body fluids
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102.3
Neurogenic Shock |
Caused by the failure of the nervous system to control the diameter of blood vessels
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102.3
Cardiogenic Shock |
Caused by the heart failing to pump blood adequately to all parts of the body
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102.3
Septic Shock |
Caused by the presence of severe infection
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102.3
Anaphylactic Shock |
Caused by a life-threatening reaction of the body to a substance to which a patient is extremely allergic
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102.4
Simple (closed) fracture |
A fracture that does not break the skin
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102.4
Compound (open) fracture |
A fracture that does not break the skin
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102.4
Compound (open) |
A fracture causes the bone to break through the skin
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102.6
Arterial Bleeding |
If an artery near the surface is cut, the blood, which is bright red in color, will gush out in spurts that are synchronized with the heartbeats.
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102.6
Venous Bleeding |
Blood from the veins is dark red. Venous bleeding is characterized by a steady, even flow.
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102.7
Treatment for bleeding: DIRECT PRESSURE |
putting pressure directly on the wound
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102.7
Treatment for bleeding: PRESSURE DRESSING |
a dressing that puts pressure directly on the wound
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102.7
Treatment for bleeding: INDIRECT PRESSURE (pressure points) |
this method uses pressure from the fingers, thumbs, or hands to press at the site or point where a main artery supplying the wounded area lies near the skin surface or over bone.
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102. 7
Treatment for bleeding: TOURNIQUET |
a tourniquet is a constricting band placed around an arm or leg to control bleeding
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102.8
SYMPTOMS OF SHOCK |
• Sweaty but cool skin (clammy skin).
• Weak and rapid pulse. • Paleness of skin • Restlessness, nervousness. • Thirst. • Loss of blood (bleeding). • Confusion (or loss of awareness). • Faster-than-normal breathing rate. • Blotchy or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips). • Nausea and/or vomiting |
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102.8
TREATMENT OF SHOCK |
• Move the casualty to cover
• Lay the casualty on his back • Elevate feet higher than the level of the heart • Loosen clothing at the neck and waist • Prevent chilling |
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102.9
1st Degree Burn |
First degree – the epidermal layer is irritated, reddened, and tingling. The skin is sensitive to touch and blanches with pressure. Pain is mild to severe, edema is minimal, and healing usually occurs naturally within a week.
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102.9
2nd Degree Burn |
Second degree – characterized by epidermal blisters, mottled appearance, and a red base. Damage extends into ¾ but not through ¾ the dermis. Recovery usually takes 2 to 3 weeks, with some scarring and de-pigmentation. This condition is painful. Body fluids may be drawn into the injured tissue, causing edema and possibly a weeping, fluid (plasma) loss at the surface.
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102.9
3rd Degree Burn |
Third degree – a full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissues, or even down to the bone. Tissues and nerves are destroyed. Shock, with blood in the urine, is likely to be present. Pain will be absent at the burn site if all the area nerve endings are destroyed, and the surrounding tissue (which is less damaged) will be painful. Tissue color will range from white (scalds) to black (charring burns). Although the wound is usually dry, body fluids will collect in the underlying tissue. If the area has not been completely cauterized, significant amounts of fluids will be lost by plasma .weeping. or by hemorrhage, thus reducing circulation volume. There is considerable scarring and possible loss of function. Skin grafts may be necessary.
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102.11
Different types of wounds |
* Chest wounds
* Abdominal wounds * Head wounds * Eye injuries * Facial wounds |
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102.12
Stokes Stretcher |
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102.12
Blanket Drag |
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102.12
Fireman Carry |
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102.12
Chair Carry |
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102.12
Tied-hands crawl |
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102.12
Pack-strap carry |
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102.13
HEAT STROKE |
extremely high body temperature (105*F, 41*C or higher).
- pupils will be constricted (pinpoint) and the pulse fast and strong. - Move the victim to the coolest place available and remove as much clothing as possible. - Immersing the victim ina cold water bath is also very effective. - DO NOT GIVE ANY HOT DRINKS OR STIMULANTS. - Discontinue cooling when the rectal temperature reaches 102*F; watch for recurrence of temperature rise by checking every 10 minutes. - Repeat cooling if temperature reaches 103*F rectally |
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102.13
HEAT EXHAUSTION |
weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, and loss of appetite
- skin cool, moist, and clammy - pupils may be dilated - Vital signs usually are normal - victim may have a weak pulse, together with rapid and shallow breathing - Body temperature may be below normal - Treat heat exhaustion as if the victim were in shock - move the victim to a cool or air-conditioned area - loosen the clothing, apply cool weet cloths - give a solution of 1 teaspoon of salt dissolved in a liter of cool water |
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102.13
HEAT CRAMPS |
To provide first aid treament for heat cramps, move the victim to a cool place.
- give the victim plenty of cool (not cold) water to drink, adding about one teaspoon of salt - apply manual pressure to the cramped muscle, or gently massage it to relieve the spasm |
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102.15
Discuss the procedures for MEDEVAC of personnel casualties |
1. Location of pickup site
2. Radio Frequency, call sign, and suffix 3. number of patients by precedence 4. Special Equipment required 5. Number of patients by type 6. Security of pickup site (WAR TIME) 7. Number and type of wound, injury, or illness 8. method of marking pickup site 9. patient nationality and status 10. NBC contamination (WAR TIME) 11. Terrain description (PEACE TIME) |