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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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John Tetzel
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sold Indulgences
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Desiderius Erasmus
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"Praise of Folly" a book that poked fun of greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, and arrogant priest. He believed in a christianity but NOT the ceremony or rules. He thought ALL peeps should study the Bible.
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Albrecht Durer
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Carried Italian Renaissance ideas back to Germany. He produced woodcuts and engravings. His prints portray classical myths and realistic landscapes. His work helped to spread the Renaissance style.
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Baldassare Castiglione
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wrote a book "The Courtier" that taught a man how to be charming, witty, smart, he should dance, sing, play music, and poetry. He should also be a skilled rider, wrestler, and swordsman.
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Leonardo Di Vinci
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Painted the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. He was a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. He was interested in how things worked.
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Vermeer
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Artist fascinated with light and dark effects. His often painted women doing familar things like pouring milk, or reading a letter.
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William Shakespeare
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Famous writer. Wrote Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Taming of the Shrew. He revealed the souls of men and women through scenes of dramatic conflict. Many of his plays examine human flaws.
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David
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Sculpted by Michelangelo. He portrayed the biblical hero in the moments just before battle. His posture is graceful, yet also depicts strength.
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The Sistine Chapel
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Paintings by Michelangelo on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
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St. Peter's Basilica
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Michelangelo made the dome of St. Peter's
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School of Athens
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A painting done by Raphael on the wall of Pope Julius II's library. It conveys the classical influence on the Renaissance. favorite subject was the Madonna and child.
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Mona Lisa
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Painting by Leonardo da Vinci. She seems so real that many writers have tried to explain the thoughts behind her smile.
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The Arnolfini Marriage
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He was the first great Flemish Renaissance painter. He make oil painting popular.
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The Last Supper
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Painting by Leonardo Di Vinci. It shows the personalities of Jesus' disciples through facial expressions.
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Roman architecture
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Classical Greco-Roman architecture.
For example: archways, pillars, and flying buttresses |
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Define and describe the Reformation and the Renaissance.
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The Renaissance was a rebirth of art and the reformation was a rebirth of religion.
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What was the era of the Renaissance Period?
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LATE MIDDLE AGES
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What years were the Renaissance period?
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1300-1600
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What was Suleyman the Lawgiver's crowning achievement?
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binding the massive Ottoman Empire together in a workable political-social structure. He created a law code to handle criminal and civil actions. He simplified and limited taxes. Made up a military draft system. And granted freedom of religion. It improved the lives of most citizens.
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Why did the Ottoman Empire weaken or fall?
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As the world shifted to sea trade they were still focusing on land trade. They also allowed Europeans to trade freely. And because their The sultans killed each other and kept their sons isolated from education and contact with the world.
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Why did the Safavid Empire fail?
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Same mistake as Ottoman empire - disabled sons, leaving empire to be run by dumb asses. Nadir Afshar was the last competent Shah, but very cruel and his own troops capped his ass in 1747.
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Why did the Mughal Empire fail?
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Aurangzeb had drained it of its resources: millions died at home while Aurangzeb was out waging war. Then the local lords power grew. After Aurangzebs death (1707) the new emporer was just a figurehead. Western European traders took over. First Portuguese then Dutch, then French, then english
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Who was Martin Luther? What was his occupation, beliefs, and fate?
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He was a man of law, he became a monk. Out of anger he wrote 95 thesis. His actions created a new religion called Luthernism. He believed all peeps are equal so you don't need priests, you need faith to have salvation, all church teachings should be based on the bible. His supporters were the German Princes.
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What was the effect of the Reformation on the Holy Roman Empire and the rest of the Europe.
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The Holy Roman Emporer Charles V summoned Luther to a trial and when Luther refused, Charles V issued the Edict of Worms. There was revolt from peasants and some decided to remain catholic, and some turned to Luthernism.
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Protestant vs Catholic beliefs
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Protestants believe that you don't need a pope or priests, everyone can do it themselves. The catholics based everything on traditions, rituals, and ceremonies.
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What did the reformation do to the catholic churches power?
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It weakened it because there were more religions to compete with.
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What was the purpose of the Counter Reformation?
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to keep catholics loyal in the church
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What was the Peace of Augsburg?
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An agreement declaring that the religion of each german state would be declared by its ruler.
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What was the council of Trent?
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A council of church leaders in Northern Italy that had several doctrines.
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What are jesuits?
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They are members of the Society of Jesus. They built schools, they converted people, they stopped the spread of protestantism.
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Who founded Calvinism?
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John Calvin
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What are the beliefs of Calvinism?
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They have a council of elders instead of priests. They believe in predetermination. They believe the bible is the sole source of truth.
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What type of government is there in Calvinism?
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a monarchy
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How do Luthernism and Calvinism relate to each other?
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They were both influenced by protestants, and Calvin gave order to the faith that Luther began.
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What are the present day followers of Calvinism called?
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Presbyterians
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What is the origin of Anglicanism?
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The church of England
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Who are the monarchs involved in Anglicanism?
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Queen Elizabeth and Henry VIII
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Who were the Puritans?
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A group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusettes Bay.
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Who were the Anabaptists?
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People that waited to get baptized until they were old enough to decide to be christian, and believed in seperation of church and state. Today they are known as baptist
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Major characteristics and accomplishments of the Ottoman Empire
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Most successful ghazi =Osman Othman -- Set up Turkish Muslim state in Anatolia (1300)
Used gunpowder-replaced archers used cannons Son Orkhan (1 with power) appointed local officials--improved peasants lives. Muslims served in armies--non-muslims exempt--paid taxes |
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Major characteristics and accomplishments of the Safavid Empire
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Golden Age 1587--time of rule under Shah Abbas. Culture best of Ottoman, Persian & Arab worlds. Military--2 modern armies--Persian & Christian (from north). Gov't reforms--punished corruption--promoted competent loyal officials, included foreigners in gov't. Religious tolerance=>brought christians into empire. Cultural exchange (industry, trade, art)--b/w Safavids & Europe and b/w Safavids & China--brought in Chinese artists. New capital--Isfahan. New industry--meeting demand for Persian carpets
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Major characteristics and accomplishments of the Mughal Empire
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Akbar's Golden Age--brilliant general. Aggressive to avoid being conquered. Heavily equipped army. Appointed rejputs as officers=>befriended Indians/Hindus. Great ruler--wise & tolerant. Muslim & married Hindu. Abolished taxes on non-Muslims. Appointed Spanish Jesuit to tutor son. Did not descriminate when appointing officials. Fair and Effective graduated taxes. The arts flourished. Land policies--gave land during lifetime and then reclaimed it on death.
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