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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Maturity Definition |
The full integration of physical, cognitive and psychosocial tasks |
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Assimilation in cognitive development implies |
The ability to absorb more information |
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Young adulthood |
Involves establishing a career |
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Psychosocial development includes |
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Human development Characteristics |
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Schaie's executive cognitive executive development |
Responsibility and increased knowledge, which enables a person to serve in responsible positions in organisations and in the community |
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At which stage, according to Erikson, do people develop a basic trust in others |
The first year of life |
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Career orientation |
Taking responsibility for choosing a career by using relevant information to make a choice |
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The “midlife crisis” experience relates to |
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Middle adulthood is mostly concerned with |
Maintaining various roles |
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DSM Definition |
Diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorders |
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Jean Piaget |
The principles of self-regulation in human cognitive development. A child's cognitive development and knowledge structures adapt to the demands of the environment. |
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Models of human development |
Growth Model Stage Model Differentiation Model Funnel and canalisation development model Humanistic model |
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Growth model of human development |
Genetically programmed and continuous changes and increases in motor, sensory and intellectual powers are emphasised. |
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Stage Model of human development |
Genetically programmed and continuous changes and increases in motor, sensory and intellectual powers are emphasised, but particularly during specific life stages. |
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Differentiation Model of human development |
The change from initial simple, holistic and diffuse behaviour to more complex, integrated and organised behaviour. |
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Funnel and canalisation model of human development |
People's behaviour changes from very broad patterns during infancy to more fixed and socially accepted patterns during adulthood |
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Humanistic model of human development |
From an early age people are active in and in control of directing their own development and are not controlled by unconscious urges and age or phase restrictions |
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Maturation (definition) |
Change resulting from genetic or biologically based factors |
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Ageing (definition) |
Chronological increase in years and biological and physical change |
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Growth (definition) |
Increases in the physical size of biological structures or the improvement of mental and psychological competancies |
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Maturity (definition) |
The integration of physical, cognitive, social and psychological tasks at a level where a person can function or live as a fully functioning person at every stage |
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Readiness (definition) |
A point in development where the individual has matured sufficiently to benefit from learning or experiences so as to, for example enter school |
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Life and career stages in developmental theories |
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Critical period |
a point in time when particular factors or types of learning will or can have positive or negative effects which may influence future development |
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Optimal period |
Point at which people will be sufficiently mature to benefit from certain experiences |
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Huxley's concept of psychosocial evolution |
Patterns of behaviour may be transferred across generations within a family through the carious process of social learning |
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Human development |
The product of the interaction between genetic potential and social learning |
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Role of environmental influences on human development |
Influence how the genetic potential is realised |
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Role of genetic influences on human development |
Have definite impact on the maturation and manifestation of certain behaviour and how people behave and cope with their environment |
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Urie Bronfenbrenner's Ecological-Systems Model of Human development |
A dynamic process in which the individual and the environment mutually and reciprocally influence development |
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Urie Bronfenbrenner's levels of systemic environment influences in HD |
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Paul Baltes factors which interactionally influence development |
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Baltes Normative age-related influence |
Usual biological and social changes that take place at certain ages, e.g. going to school |
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Baltes Normative history-graded influence |
Historical events and traumas, such as war, natural disasters, that influence all or many people at the same time to more or less the same degree |
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Baltes Non-normative age-related influence |
Events that happen to certain people only, or to people in different ways. Personal circumstances and demographic variables etc |
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Cognitive development theory (Definition) |
Jean Piaget Progressive development of thought processes, mental abilities and the capacities to obtain, process, interpret, retrieve and use information |
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Jean Piaget Stages of cognitive development |
Sensory - birth to 2 years Pre-operational - 2 to 7 years Concrete operational - 7 to 11 Formal operation - 11 < |
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Jean Piaget Hierarchial development |
Cognition of all children develops in predictable phases through interaction between maturation and learning experiences |
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Jean Piaget Challenges to theory |
Children can learn concepts and are capable of complex reasoning in higher grades than given credit for Domain specific |
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Piaget Assimilation |
new experiences are reinterpreted to fit into, or assimilate with, old idea |
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Jean Piaget Decalage (definition) |
Progressive forms of cognitive developmental progression in a specific domain |
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Jean Piaget Accommodation |
The process of taking new information in one's environment and altering pre-existing schemas in order to fit in the new information. This happens when the existing schema (knowledge) does not work, and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation |
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K. Warner Schaie Progressive stages of development of adult thinking |
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Paiget Equilibration |
Seeking balance between assimilation and accommodation, between mental schemes and the invironment |
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K. Warner Schaie Acquisition stage |
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K. Warner Schaie Achieving stage |
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K. Warner Schaie Responsibility stage |
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K. Warner Schaie Executive stage |
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K. Warner Schaie Reintegration stage |
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Intimate behavioural styles |
Insecure attachment
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Ambivalent attachment |
May show mixed feelings of acceptance and rejection. May demand extra attention in relationships |
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Avoidant attachment |
Characterised by fear and rejection in close relationships may avoid commitment |
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Disorganised/disoriented attachment |
Person is confused and contradictory May be secure with one person and confused with another |
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Sigmund Freud Psychosexual stages of personality development |
oral stage (first year) anal stage (from 1 to 3 years) phallic stage (four to five years) latent stage (5 - 12) genital stage (12 - 18)< |
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Marcia Four types of ego-identity states teens may experience in career issues |
Occupational identity with no identity confusion Moratorium - an ongoing stage of uncertainty Vocational identity diffusion Foreclosed or rigid |
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Occupational identity with no identity confusion |
When adolescents are able to seek information about themselves before making choices on study and career issues |
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Career issues Moratorium |
An ongoing stage of uncertainty when an adolescent cannot make a career choice |
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Vocational identity diffusion |
Adolescent unable to make career or subject choices leads to trying a number of jobs without success. risk of failure |
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Foreclosed or rigid vocational identity |
Unable to consider other options of careers and may make the wrong career choice, leading to a crisis or anxiety |
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Human development |
A continuous process through the lifespan in which people progressively, and during identifiable stages, develop certain physical, cognitive, moral and psycho-social competencies to be able to function in evolving life roles |
